Download Practice Questions Chapter 8

1. In __________ reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response.
a. intermittent
b. partial
c. negative
d. continuous
2. In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation was the
a.
conditioned response.
b.
unconditioned stimulus.
c.
conditioned stimulus.
d.
unconditioned response.
3. The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both
examples of
a. negative reinforcement.
b. punishment.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. secondary reinforcement.
4. In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a
a. stimulus automatically produces a response without a prior history of
experience.
b.stimulus which did not initially produce a response now elicits that response.
c. spontaneously emitted response increases in frequency as a result of its
consequences.
d.subject repeats an action he or she has observed in another and is praised for
it.
5. In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning
a. occur after the response.
b. occur before the response.
c. occur simultaneously with the response.
d. are unrelated to the response except during extinction.
6. If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for
you a snake is a(n)
a.
US.
b.
CS.
c.
UR.
d.
CR.
7. If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without reinforcement, we can expect
a. an increase in stimulus generalization.
b. the strength of the UR to increase.
c. an increase in response generalization.
d. extinction to occur.
8. A child has learned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother's
short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates
a. negative transfer.
b. extinction.
c. discrimination.
d. successive approximation.
09. The greatest degree of resistance to extinction is typically caused by a __________ schedule
of reinforcement.
a.
variable interval
b.
variable ratio
c.
fixed interval
d.
fixed ratio
10. The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well. If they earn five
stickers in one day they are exempt from homework. The stickers in this example could also
be called
a.
tokens.
b.
primary reinforcers.
c.
generalized reinforcers.
d.
prepotent responses.
11. Operant conditioning was studied by
a.
Pavlov.
b.
Maslow.
c.
Freud.
d.
Skinner.
12. In a classic experiment, "Little Albert," a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a
rat. He also became fearful of white furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. higher order conditioning.
c. extinction.
d. stimulus generalization.
13. Which of the following best describes punishment?
a. addition of a positive event
b. addition of an aversive event
c. declining response frequency
d. withdrawal of a negative event
Answers: D, D, B, B, A, B, D, C, A, A, D, D, C