General account of selection
... like it can be properly construed as selection processes, not whether we accept the reader’s preferred version. This caveat applies with special force to theories of operant behavior. Some psychologists reject such theories out of hand. Others have strong preferences for one version over all others. ...
... like it can be properly construed as selection processes, not whether we accept the reader’s preferred version. This caveat applies with special force to theories of operant behavior. Some psychologists reject such theories out of hand. Others have strong preferences for one version over all others. ...
Pelaez, M. - Florida International University
... Florida International University-college of Education Dean’s Grant, fall, 2002, amount granted to contract a research assistant (for $ 4,500.00) to analyze data collected for the study titled “Exploring the Emergence of Stimulus Equivalence and its Relation to Language Development: A pilot experimen ...
... Florida International University-college of Education Dean’s Grant, fall, 2002, amount granted to contract a research assistant (for $ 4,500.00) to analyze data collected for the study titled “Exploring the Emergence of Stimulus Equivalence and its Relation to Language Development: A pilot experimen ...
B. R Skinner`s Contributions to Applied Behavior Analysis
... was its originator, nor did he systematically integrate, advance, and promote the dimensions so to have been its founder. As the founder of behavior analysis, however, he was the father of applied behavior analysis. Key words: B. F. Skinner, behavior analysis, applied behavior analysis, history ...
... was its originator, nor did he systematically integrate, advance, and promote the dimensions so to have been its founder. As the founder of behavior analysis, however, he was the father of applied behavior analysis. Key words: B. F. Skinner, behavior analysis, applied behavior analysis, history ...
A Contemporary Behavior Analysis of Anxiety and
... signal (e.g., a light or tone) precedes an unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g., electric shock) unless an avoidance response occurs. The avoidance response usually terminates the warning signal and postpones the next scheduled US presentation. The dominant theoretical approach to explaining findings o ...
... signal (e.g., a light or tone) precedes an unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g., electric shock) unless an avoidance response occurs. The avoidance response usually terminates the warning signal and postpones the next scheduled US presentation. The dominant theoretical approach to explaining findings o ...
Introduction - National Autism Conference
... • Contemporaneous with the Ferster and DeMyer work was the research being conducted at the University of Washington and University of Kansas by mainly Wolf and Risley. • In 1964, Wolf, Risley and Mees in their now classic research study, eliminated the self-destructive behavior of a 3.5 year old chi ...
... • Contemporaneous with the Ferster and DeMyer work was the research being conducted at the University of Washington and University of Kansas by mainly Wolf and Risley. • In 1964, Wolf, Risley and Mees in their now classic research study, eliminated the self-destructive behavior of a 3.5 year old chi ...
Lloyd - University of Arkansas at Little Rock
... o What are the demographic characteristics of the population? o What are the most useful engagement strategies for members of this group? o What modifications, if any, are necessary to make the basic assessment process you've learned culturally sensitive? 2. You should focus on only one well-defined ...
... o What are the demographic characteristics of the population? o What are the most useful engagement strategies for members of this group? o What modifications, if any, are necessary to make the basic assessment process you've learned culturally sensitive? 2. You should focus on only one well-defined ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... behavior. The ventral striatum has been hypothesized to represent potential actions within the behavioral repertoire (Liljeholm and O’Doherty, 2012), from which actions can be selected for specific motivated behaviors (for example, food-seeking or mateseeking behaviors). The amygdala allows pavlovia ...
... behavior. The ventral striatum has been hypothesized to represent potential actions within the behavioral repertoire (Liljeholm and O’Doherty, 2012), from which actions can be selected for specific motivated behaviors (for example, food-seeking or mateseeking behaviors). The amygdala allows pavlovia ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment
... 1965) ; Mahler and Cosliner (1955) ; and Spitz (1957, 1959, 1965a, 1965b) . There is general agreement that the newborn is an almost wholly undifferentiated organism-undifferentiated structurally, topographically, and dynamically. Neither id nor ego have yet emerged from their common, undifferentiat ...
... 1965) ; Mahler and Cosliner (1955) ; and Spitz (1957, 1959, 1965a, 1965b) . There is general agreement that the newborn is an almost wholly undifferentiated organism-undifferentiated structurally, topographically, and dynamically. Neither id nor ego have yet emerged from their common, undifferentiat ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review
... professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning hi ...
... professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning hi ...
cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... In their habitat, animals face a constantly changing environment. It is advantageous if the more salient aspects of the environment can be predicted. Operant and classical conditioning constitute important processes by which predictive memory is acquired. In classical conditioning, an initially neut ...
... In their habitat, animals face a constantly changing environment. It is advantageous if the more salient aspects of the environment can be predicted. Operant and classical conditioning constitute important processes by which predictive memory is acquired. In classical conditioning, an initially neut ...
Redalyc.B. F. Skinner`s legacy twenty years after (1990
... explicit institutional statement which defines the academic orientation about this field (instead, the theoretical ascriptions state psychoanalysis as the dominant stream). In any case, nowadays is evident a change in the student’s attitudes toward behavioral theory, change showed mainly on the numb ...
... explicit institutional statement which defines the academic orientation about this field (instead, the theoretical ascriptions state psychoanalysis as the dominant stream). In any case, nowadays is evident a change in the student’s attitudes toward behavioral theory, change showed mainly on the numb ...
B.F. SKINNER AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE AND TO
... which the following deserve mention: that of Bjork (1993), considered as his most complete and up-to-date biography; Carpenter (1974) which is a very well-documented introduction to Skinner’s work; Dews (1970) a book tribute (Festschrift) to Skinner; Kazdin (1978) on the history of behavior modifica ...
... which the following deserve mention: that of Bjork (1993), considered as his most complete and up-to-date biography; Carpenter (1974) which is a very well-documented introduction to Skinner’s work; Dews (1970) a book tribute (Festschrift) to Skinner; Kazdin (1978) on the history of behavior modifica ...
B. F. Skinner`s legacy twenty years after (1990
... explicit institutional statement which defines the academic orientation about this field (instead, the theoretical ascriptions state psychoanalysis as the dominant stream). In any case, nowadays is evident a change in the student’s attitudes toward behavioral theory, change showed mainly on the numb ...
... explicit institutional statement which defines the academic orientation about this field (instead, the theoretical ascriptions state psychoanalysis as the dominant stream). In any case, nowadays is evident a change in the student’s attitudes toward behavioral theory, change showed mainly on the numb ...
Articulo MC Luciano - International Journal of Psychology and
... Equivalence responding is readily observed with matching-to-sample preparations and may be summarized as follows. Suppose, for instance, that reinforcement is provided for selecting comparison stimulus B1 as opposed to B2 in the presence of the sample stimulus A1, and for selecting C1 and not C2 in ...
... Equivalence responding is readily observed with matching-to-sample preparations and may be summarized as follows. Suppose, for instance, that reinforcement is provided for selecting comparison stimulus B1 as opposed to B2 in the presence of the sample stimulus A1, and for selecting C1 and not C2 in ...
as a PDF
... The present study considered the development of externalizing behavior in a moderately large, community sample of youths. On the basis of the empirical evidence and theoretical models described above, we postulated that reward dominant youths would be differentially responsive to the effects of havi ...
... The present study considered the development of externalizing behavior in a moderately large, community sample of youths. On the basis of the empirical evidence and theoretical models described above, we postulated that reward dominant youths would be differentially responsive to the effects of havi ...
FILLING THE GAPS: SKINNER ON THE ROLE OF
... to it which would make direct observation possible - it cannot serve as an explanation. But if it has physiological (…) properties, what role can it play in a science of behavior? The physiologist may point out that several ways of raising the probability of drinking have a common effect: they incre ...
... to it which would make direct observation possible - it cannot serve as an explanation. But if it has physiological (…) properties, what role can it play in a science of behavior? The physiologist may point out that several ways of raising the probability of drinking have a common effect: they incre ...
Examining issues in traditional behaviour support practices
... classic conditioning is a “form of learning, [where] a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response”. As such, it can be seen as an approach that conditions a person to have specific reactions to things within their daily settings, without the things really shaping t ...
... classic conditioning is a “form of learning, [where] a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response”. As such, it can be seen as an approach that conditions a person to have specific reactions to things within their daily settings, without the things really shaping t ...
An Interdisciplinary Behavior-Analytic Alternative to Cognitivist
... (basically reproductive versus reinforcing consequences), whereas level 2 and 3 are mutually indistinct. In other words, individual learning (level 2) and cultural evolution (level 3) will necessarily overlap with each other. On the other hand, we may at least clearly distinguish between level 2 and ...
... (basically reproductive versus reinforcing consequences), whereas level 2 and 3 are mutually indistinct. In other words, individual learning (level 2) and cultural evolution (level 3) will necessarily overlap with each other. On the other hand, we may at least clearly distinguish between level 2 and ...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
... “For many people, one of the most frustrating aspects of life is not being able to understand other people's behavior.” Unknown Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is often misdiagnosed as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because it displays many of the same characteristics. Some comm ...
... “For many people, one of the most frustrating aspects of life is not being able to understand other people's behavior.” Unknown Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is often misdiagnosed as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because it displays many of the same characteristics. Some comm ...
Adjunctive Behavior
... each sung word evoking the next one. Note that a body part that sometimes functions under independent antecedent controls can combine functionally with other body parts under a shared stimulus control. To cite another example, an arm and hand can work together to exhibit what is construed to be one ...
... each sung word evoking the next one. Note that a body part that sometimes functions under independent antecedent controls can combine functionally with other body parts under a shared stimulus control. To cite another example, an arm and hand can work together to exhibit what is construed to be one ...
Verbal Behavior - Carbone Clinic
... of his writing, in that he talks of traditional treatments, and then quickly dispenses with them and presents the behavioral interpretation. This is at the top of 115. In short, reference or meaning is simply details of the 3 term contingency. 41. There is a nice summary of ehoics, textuals, intrave ...
... of his writing, in that he talks of traditional treatments, and then quickly dispenses with them and presents the behavioral interpretation. This is at the top of 115. In short, reference or meaning is simply details of the 3 term contingency. 41. There is a nice summary of ehoics, textuals, intrave ...
RESURGENCE OF RESPONSE SEQUENCES DURING
... Typically, the experiments cited above with human subjects have studied resurgence using complex response patterns, that is, responses that involve more than a single discrete action. History effects have been examined with nonhuman subjects, and the role of numerous factors in the development of th ...
... Typically, the experiments cited above with human subjects have studied resurgence using complex response patterns, that is, responses that involve more than a single discrete action. History effects have been examined with nonhuman subjects, and the role of numerous factors in the development of th ...
ACJ Article: Retrospective on Behavioral Approaches
... techniques such as systematic desensitization are based on fundamental principles developed within the purview of classical conditioning. For the most part however, Watson’s efforts to extend the efficacy of his conditioning operations to human language proved unsuccessful. Classical conditioning is ...
... techniques such as systematic desensitization are based on fundamental principles developed within the purview of classical conditioning. For the most part however, Watson’s efforts to extend the efficacy of his conditioning operations to human language proved unsuccessful. Classical conditioning is ...
Web Sites and Organizations
... or other government agency, department, program, policy, organization, or initiative. ...
... or other government agency, department, program, policy, organization, or initiative. ...
Behavior Analysis, Relational Frame Theory, and the Challenge of
... whether the animal responds in a way that was originally evoked by the CS. For example, in our imaginary experiment, reinforcers would be delivered to Pavlov’s dogs if they showed some minimal auditory response when presented with food powder. Over scores of trials, varying in the magnitude of the r ...
... whether the animal responds in a way that was originally evoked by the CS. For example, in our imaginary experiment, reinforcers would be delivered to Pavlov’s dogs if they showed some minimal auditory response when presented with food powder. Over scores of trials, varying in the magnitude of the r ...
Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher frequency of behavior (e.g., pulling a lever more frequently), longer duration (e.g., pulling a lever for longer periods of time), greater magnitude (e.g., pulling a lever with greater force), or shorter latency (e.g., pulling a lever more quickly following the antecedent stimulus).Although in many cases a reinforcing stimulus is a rewarding stimulus which is ""valued"" or ""liked"" by the individual (e.g., money received from a slot machine, the taste of the treat, the euphoria produced by an addictive drug), this is not a requirement. Indeed, reinforcement does not even require an individual to consciously perceive an effect elicited by the stimulus. Furthermore, stimuli that are ""rewarding"" or ""liked"" are not always reinforcing: if an individual eats at a fast food restaurant (response) and likes the taste of the food (stimulus), but believes it is bad for their health, they may not eat it again and thus it was not reinforcing in that condition. Thus, reinforcement occurs only if there is an observable strengthening in behavior.In most cases reinforcement refers to an enhancement of behavior but this term may also refer to an enhancement of memory. One example of this effect is called post-training reinforcement where a stimulus (e.g. food) given shortly after a training session enhances the learning. This stimulus can also be an emotional one. A good example is that many people can explain in detail where they were when they found out the World Trade Center was attacked.Reinforcement is an important part of operant or instrumental conditioning.