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BIO 208 Unit 1 Lectures 4,5 1
This outline is intended to facilitate your preparation for lecture. This outline will NOT
substitute for regular lecture attendance.
You may want to bring your text to class with you so you can look at and mark figures that we
go over.
Lecture 4 and 5 - we will discuss the following topics:
V. Functional Anatomy of Cells – CH 4
A. Bacteria and Archaea
1. Composition
2. Size
Ex. Thiomargarita namibiensis – “sulfur pearl of Namibia”
3. Shape and arrangement
a. cocci
b. rods
c. spirals
BIO 208 Unit 1 Lectures 4,5 2
4. Internal Structures – common to all Bacteria and Archaea
a. cytoplasm -
b. nucleoid (= nuclear region)
c. ribosomes -
Internal structures found only in some Bacteria and Archaea
d. plasmids -
e. inclusions -
f. endospores –
Exs. Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
function Processes of sporulation (spore formation) – Fig. 4.21 p. 97.
and germination.
BIO 208 Unit 1 Lectures 4,5 3
5. Plasma membrane (= cytoplasmic membrane)
Archaea
glycerol – O – branched lipid
Bacteria
glycerol – O – C – CH3 – fatty acid
O
a. Function of plasma membrane
1) simple diffusion –
2) facilitated diffusion –
3) active transport –
4) group translocation –
Property
Carrier mediated
Can concentrate inside
Energy expended
Substance modified
during transport
Simple
Diffusion
No
No
No
No
Facilitated
Diffusion
Yes
No
No
No
Active
Transport
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Group
Translocation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
BIO 208 Unit 1 Lectures 4,5 4
6. Cell Wall – Fig. 4.13 p. 86.
Exceptions: Mycoplasma (Bacteria)
Thermoplasma (Archaea)
a. Functions
1) Bacteria – divide into 2 groups based on a cell wall molecule called peptidoglycan (=murein)
Gram positive
Gram negative
2) Archaea – no peptidoglycan, some have pseudomurein, chondroitin sulfate, or protein
7. Structures External to Cell Wall – not all external structures are found in all Bacteria and
Archaea
a. glycocalyx -
functions
i.
ii.
iii.
b. flagella function we can use as targets for:
c. axial filament –
function Ex. Treponema pallidum
d. fimbriae functions
i.
ii.
Ex. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
e. pili function –
Our next topic is Eukaryotic cell anatomy and evolution, so if this is not solid for you then
please read and study pp. 98-106 The Eukaryotic Cell before the next class meeting.