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Chapter 8
7:23 PM
DNA Replication
Semi conservative
Meaning that only 1 strand is recycle and 2 new strand is made
1 strand is synthesized continuously
1 strand is synthesized laggingly
Only reads left to right. Not right to left
Genetics
Gene
Gene expression
Geonome chromosome
Dna replication
Transcription
Translation
Genotype
Phenotype
Origin
- Replication rate: 100 nucleotides/ sec
Helacase
- Function; unzip DNA
- Go in opp direction
- Straightens DNA
Three stage overall-- expression, recombination, and replication
DNA
- Macromolecule
- Small chromosomes-- Million nucleotide wide
- Atcg; base pairs
- Complementary; 2 strands, anti parallel
- Double helix
- Hydrogen bonds; at core
- Dehydration synthesis
- Starting point 3' prime to 5' prime
- Run chemical opposite direct.
- 5' phosphate
- 3' hydroxyl
- Deoxyribose Nucleic acid
-
Primase
Short, single stranded (20 nucle.)
5 DNA polymerases
Pro vs euk. Both have similar process
Bacteria; have 5 DNA polymerase
1 Primers
2 okazaki fragments
3 DNA polymerase
4 DNA polymerase I
5 DNA ligase - seals, removes gaps
Gene-> information
Short nucleotides
Goal : Nucleotide to protein
DNA and RNA are complementary
-
RNA vs DNA
Differences:
Change of sugar
Change of base pairs
Change of size
Change of function
RNA
Ribose
Acug (base pairs)
Small , single strand
MRNA
DNA
- Deoxyribose
- atcg (base pairs)
- Double macro
molecule
- Store genetic
information
Microbio Page 1
Chapter 8 cont
Wednesday, October 15, 2014
6:48 PM
• 1 transcription
• Leading strand
• Find
• Copy
• Stop
• Find step
• Average gene include s promoter (only in DNA)
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Function of
promoter
Orientati Sets
on
direction
Signifies start Has a guide *
point
sigma Factor
• Elongation
○ Chain RNA is formed 5' to 3'
• RNA stop
○ RNA reaches stopping point
○ A Hairpin loop occurs
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Overview:
Genetic Code --> proteins
3 nucleotides = 1 codon
64 different codons
Repeated codons for same proteins
20 Amino acids
Third letter of codon does not matter for the interpretation of protein
Codons interpreted by ribosomes
Microbio Page 2