Download FINAL EXAM - 09 December 2005

BIOLOGY 205
FINAL EXAM - 09 December 2005
Name _____________________
Multiple choice questions – 4 points each (single best answer for each).
1.
A cell is composed of compounds that include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. A cell
is capable of reproduction, but when the compounds of the cell are isolated, none of them can reproduce.
Therefore, cell reproduction is an example of ...
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.
Louis Pasteur designed an experiment using the swan-necked flask to prove that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
small proteins that function in translation
proteins and rRNAs that function in translation
proteins and tRNAs that function in transcription
proteins and mRNAs that function in translation
mRNAs and tRNAs that function in translation
Imagine that a novel life form is found deep within Europa’s Ocean. Evaluation of its DNA yields no
surprises. However, it is found that a codon for this life form is just two bases in length. How many
different amino acids maximum could this organism be composed of?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
Bacterial organisms cannot be killed by heat
Life does not arise spontaneously from nonliving matter
Earth was really much older than people of the time thought
The half-life of uranium238 is 10 billion years
Maggots grow in meat
Ribosomes are a collection of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
Growth
A molecule
An emergent property
Adaptation
Metabolism
4
8
16
32
64
One of the following biologically important macromolecules is NOT a polymer in the same sense as the
other three, which molecule is it?
A.
C.
Nucleic acids
Lipids
B.
D.
Proteins
Polysaccharides
Page 1 of 8
6.
In sugar cane (a C4 plant), CO2 is released for use in the Calvin-Benson cycle:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
The reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid during fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence
of oxygen. Why?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
Kinetochore
Nucleosome
Equatorial plate
Aster
Centrosome
The enzyme that charges the tRNA molecules with appropriate amino acids and thereby acts as the
universal code translator is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10.
This reaction is coupled to the electron transport system
This reaction is coupled to the oxidation of FADH2 to FAD+
This reaction is coupled to the oxidation of NADH + H+ to NAD+
This reaction is coupled to the formation of ATP
This reaction is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+
The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to a specialized structure in the centromere region of each
chromosome, called the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
In the bundle sheath cells.
During the evening.
In glucose molecules.
In the stroma.
None of the above.
tRNA isomerase
amino-tRNA chargeatase
reverse transcriptase
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
tRNA primase
Which of the following energy and/or electron carrier molecules is NOT derived from one or more
nucleotides?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
FADH2
NADH+H+
Coenzyme A
ATP
Chlorophyll a
Page 2 of 8
11.
In eukaryotic cells, where are proteins that eventually contain covalently attached sugar residues
translated?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
The universal genetic code is best described as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
cohesive strength
adhesive strength
high heat capacity
more viscous to a whale than a bacterium
solid phase less dense that liquid
Of the following, which organelle and/or structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
16.
a mutant form of a bacteria that requires nutrient(s) not required by the wild-type bacteria
a mutant form of a bacteria that requires no nutrients
a mutant form of a bacteria that can synthesize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot
a mutant form of a bacteria that can metabolize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot
a bacteria that can metabolize sugars
Which of the following is NOT a specific special property of water?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15.
degenerate but not ambiguous
ambiguous but not redundant
both ambiguous and redundant
neither ambiguous nor redundant
missense but not nonsense
The term auxotroph refers to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
14.
In the nucleus
On the Golgi apparatus
In the mitochondria
On the endoplasmic reticulum
In the cytoplasm
nuclear envelope
endoplasmic reticulum
peroxisome
golgi apparatus
lysosome
How many moles of ATP are generated for each mole of acetyl-CoA introduced into the citric acid cycle
strictly by substrate-level phosphorylation?
A.
B.
1
2
C.
D.
3
4
E.
6
Page 3 of 8
17.
Microtubules provide an avenue for the movement of organelles within the cell. Which of the following
is the “motor” protein that provides the mechanism for this movement towards the positive end?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
18.
When comparing the different levels of protein structure, which is/are best described by the occurrence
of $-pleated sheets?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
19.
van der Waals attractions
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Organic bonds
During replication, the new DNA strand is synthesized...
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
21.
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
all of the above
All of the following are types of chemical bonds. Which of these is capable of the strongest attractive
force linking atoms together?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
20.
Kinesin
Dynein
Actin
Myosin
Keratin
in the 3' to 5' direction
in the 5' to 3' direction
in both the 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' directions from the replication fork
from one end to the other, in the 3' to 5' or the 5' to 3’ directions
None of the above
Which of the following features summarizes the molecular architecture of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The two strands run in opposite directions
The molecule twists in the same direction as the threads of most screws
The molecule is a double-stranded helix
DNA has a uniform diameter
All of the above
Page 4 of 8
22.
The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule comes directly from the...
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
23.
The enzyme that removes the RNA primers is called...
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
24.
Reduced organic compounds
Reduced inorganic substances
Carbon dioxide
Light energy
Water
Biological membranes are composed of?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
27.
Pyruvate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
3-phosphoglycerate
ATP
None of the above
To obtain free energy, chemoautotrophs require a source of?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26.
DNA ligase
primase
reverse transcriptase
helicase
DNA polymerase I
When carbon dioxide is added to RuBP, the first stable product synthesized is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
25.
sugar
ATP
release of phosphates
NADPH
NADH
nucleotides and nucleosides
enzymes, electron acceptors, and electron donors
fatty acids
monosaccharides
lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which of the following occurs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The cell takes up water until the osmotic potential equals the pressure potential of the cell wall
The cell takes up water and eventually bursts
The cell shrinks away from the cell wall
There is no movement of water into or out of the cell
Water moves out of the cell
Page 5 of 8
28.
In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is...
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
29.
Animals inhale air-containing oxygen and exhale air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. Later,
the oxygen from the air will most likely be found in....
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
ATP
NADPH + H+
Ferredoxin
Plastocyanin
Hydrogens liberated by the splitting of a water molecule
In noncyclic photophosphorylation, electrons from which source replenish chlorophyll molecules that
have given up electrons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
32.
The carbon dioxide that is exhaled
Water
Organic molecules
Ethanol
Lactate
In cyclic photophosphorylation, chlorophyll is reduced by which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
31.
Respiration
A redox reaction
Exergonic
Endergonic
Fermentation
Carbon Dioxide
Water
NADPH + H+
Oxygen
ATP
Structures that contain networks of keratin fibers and hold adjacent cells together are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Extracellular matrices
Glycoproteins
Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Phospholipid bilayers
Page 6 of 8
Matching Questions - 3 points each. Indicate if the following reactions occur in photosynthesis only (A);
respiration only (B); or both photosynthesis and respiration (C).
33.
ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis
34.
reduction of NADP+
35.
electron flow along a cytochrome chain (ETC)
36.
substrate level phosphorylation
37.
oxidation of water
More Matching – 3 points each. Use single best answer to match the organelle with the characteristic/process
that is best described or associated with it. The possible answers are: A. Ribosomes, B. Mitochondria,
C. Lysosome, D. Nucleus, and E. Chloroplast.
38.
Apoptosis
43.
Phagocytosis
39.
Translation
44.
Thylakoid membrane
40.
DNA synthesis
45.
Transcription
41.
RuBisCo
46.
Matrix
42.
DNA replication
47.
RNA processing
More Matching – 3 points each. Match the proper catabolic stage of glucose catabolism. The possible answers
are (A) Glycolysis, (B) Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA, (C) Citric Acid Cycle; (D) Oxidative
Phosphorylation, (E) Respiratory or Electron Transport Chain.
48.
At which stage does NAD+ first get reduced to NADH + H+?
49.
At which stage is the carbon skeleton of glucose split?
50.
At which stage do hydrogen ions (i.e., protons) diffuse down a gradient?
51.
At which stage in aerobic respiration is the first molecule of CO2 produced?
52.
At which stage does FAD+ first get reduced to FADH2?
Page 7 of 8
Short answer – Number of points in parentheses.
53.
(6 points) Name two different pathways that each contain steps where a particular molecule gets
two phosphate groups attached AND describe which step within each pathway where this
occurs. Finally, describe why these steps are most critical to the functioning of each pathway.
54.
(6 points) Consider the “idealized” cell. Starting on the outside of an animal cell and moving to
the matrix of a mitochondrion, how many membranes would you have to cross AND what are
each of their names?
55.
Extra Credit (6 points) What are three specific mechanisms (AND when do these occur) for
introducing genetic variation from one generation to the next in sexually reproducing organisms?
Page 8 of 8