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Transcript
Cell Structure and Organization Mrs. Sprenkle Academic Biology Discovery of the Cell 1665— Robert Hooke described the structure of cork, actually the remains of dead plant cells, through his compound microscope. He gave us the word “cell.” 1673— Anton van Leeuwenhoek described microscopic organisms he viewed through his simple microscope. I. BACKGROUND A. CELL- basic unit of ALL living things. B. CELL THEORY 1. The cell is the basic unit of structure of all living things. 2. The cell is the basic unit of function of all living things. 3. All cells come from other cells by cell division. C. 3 Cell Differences 1. Size 2. Shape (form) 3. Internal organization D. Shape Determines Function (what it does follows what it looks like) 1. Examples: a. Skin cells – flat & tightly packed – to protect & cover b. Nerve cells - long & stringy – to transmit impulses c. Red blood cells (RBCs) – small & doughnut shaped – to carry O2 Skin cells Nerve Cells Red Blood Cells E. Plant vs. Animal Cells DIFFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Plant Cuboidal Large vacuoles Chloroplasts Cell wall No centrioles Some have lysosomes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Animal Spherical Few (if any) vacuoles No Chloroplasts No cell wall Centrioles Lysosomes Plant vs. Animal Cells SIMILARITIES BOTH 1. Eukaryotic (meaning???) 2. nucleus 3. Cell (plasma) membrane 4. Golgi Body/Apparatus 5. Mitochondria 6. ER 7. Ribosomes II. CELL ORGANIZATION Endomembrane System- a network of membranous organelles that partition the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into functional components. A. Energy – Converting Organelles 1. Chloroplasts – photosynthesizing organelles found in plants & protists. 2. Mitochondria – organelles that create energy (ATP) from cellular respiration B. Cytoskeleton and Related Structures 1. Microfilaments – solid helical rods composed mainly of a globular protein called actin. 2. Intermediate filaments – fibrous proteins that anchor organelles in place 3. Microtubules – straight, hollow tubes made of globular proteins called tubulins. Plant Cell Anatomy Animal Cell Anatomy