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Cell Structure and Organization
Mrs. Sprenkle
Academic Biology
Discovery of the Cell
 1665— Robert Hooke described the
structure of cork, actually the remains of
dead plant cells, through his compound
microscope. He gave us the word “cell.”
 1673— Anton van Leeuwenhoek
described microscopic organisms he viewed
through his simple microscope.
I. BACKGROUND
A. CELL- basic unit of ALL living
things.
B. CELL THEORY
1. The cell is the basic unit of structure
of all living things.
2. The cell is the basic unit of function of
all living things.
3. All cells come from other cells by cell
division.
C. 3 Cell Differences
1. Size
2. Shape (form)
3. Internal organization
D. Shape Determines Function
(what it does follows what it looks like)
1. Examples:
a. Skin cells – flat & tightly packed – to protect & cover
b. Nerve cells - long & stringy – to transmit impulses
c. Red blood cells (RBCs) – small & doughnut shaped
– to carry O2
Skin cells
Nerve Cells
Red Blood Cells
E. Plant vs. Animal Cells
DIFFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Plant
Cuboidal
Large vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
No centrioles
Some have
lysosomes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Animal
Spherical
Few (if any) vacuoles
No Chloroplasts
No cell wall
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Plant vs. Animal Cells
SIMILARITIES
 BOTH
1. Eukaryotic (meaning???)
2. nucleus
3. Cell (plasma) membrane
4. Golgi Body/Apparatus
5. Mitochondria
6. ER
7. Ribosomes
II. CELL ORGANIZATION

Endomembrane System- a network of
membranous organelles that partition the
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into functional
components.
A. Energy – Converting Organelles
1. Chloroplasts – photosynthesizing organelles
found in plants & protists.
2. Mitochondria – organelles that create energy
(ATP) from cellular respiration
B. Cytoskeleton and Related Structures
1. Microfilaments – solid
helical rods composed
mainly of a globular
protein called actin.
2. Intermediate filaments –
fibrous proteins that
anchor organelles in place
3. Microtubules – straight,
hollow tubes made of
globular proteins called
tubulins.
Plant Cell Anatomy
Animal Cell Anatomy