Download STUDY GUIDE Cells/Membrane Transport Cell Organelles What`s

STUDY GUIDE ­ Cells/Membrane Transport Cell Organelles ● What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryote = no nucleus Eukaryote = nucleus ● What’s an example of a prokaryote? What’s a eukaryote? Prokaryote = bacteria Eukaryote = plants and animals ● What are 3 things found inside the nucleus? Chromatin (DNA wrapped around proteins), chromosomes, nucleolus ● How are plant cells different than animal cells? Cell wall, chloroplasts, 1 large vacuole ● What is the function of the following organelles: ○ cell membrane ­ support, protection, transport molecules in and out of cell ○ cell wall ­ support, shape, protection in PLANT and BACTERIA cells, cellulose ○ nucleus ­ holds genetic information (chromatin) ○ nucleolus ­ makes ribosomes ○ smooth ER ­ makes lipids ○ rough ER ­ makes proteins (because of the ribosomes on the rough ER) ○ ribosome ­ makes proteins ○ golgi apparatus ­ packages and ships proteins to final destination ○ lysosome ­ digests material (“food” and dead organelles) ○ vacuole ­ stores water, salt, proteins ○ chloroplast ­ goes through photosynthesis ○ mitochondria ­ provides energy (ATP) ○ cytoskeleton ­ helps move cell and cell organelles ○ cytoplasm ­ liquid inside cell, mainly water Membrane Transport ● Draw and label the cell membrane below using the words: ○ phospholipid, protein, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, polar, nonpolar ● What’s the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic? ­ Hydrophobic: something that doesn’t get along with water (nonpolar) ­ Hydrophilic: something that loves water (polar) ● What does selectively permeable mean? ­ the cell membrane only allows certain molecules through ● What does “passive” mean? ­ no energy needed ● What is diffusion? ­ molecules travelling across a membrane from HIGH to LOW concentration ● What is facilitated diffusion? ­ molecules travelling across a membrane from HIGH to LOW concentration with the help of protein channels ● What is osmosis? ­ the movement of WATER across a membrane from HIGH to LOW ○ What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution? ­ stays the same = equal concentration of water inside and outside ○ What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? ­ shrinks = more water inside the cell, so water will leave it ○ What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? ­ burst = more water outside the cell, so water will rush in ● What are 2 ways active transport is different than passive transport? ­ active requires ENERGY ­ active goes from LOW to HIGH concentration ­against the normal concentration gradient ● What is the compound for energy? ­ ATP ● What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? ­ Endocytosis: bringing something INTO the cell (eating) ­Exocytosis: something exits or leaves the cell (excreting wastes) EXTRA FOR HONORS: ● Why do scientists think mitochondria were once free­living organisms? ­ they contain their own DNA and have 2 membranes ● How are the nucleus, ER, and golgi connected? ­ the nucleus assembles ribosomes, which go into the conveyor belt of the ER, attach to the rough ER where the ribosomes start making proteins ­ then the golgi picks up the proteins and ships them around the cell. ● What types of molecules are permeable to the membrane? ­ small molecules: O2, CO2, water ● What types of molecules are impermeable to the membrane? ­ large molecules: glucose, enzymes, nucleic acids ● What is osmotic pressure? ­ when water rushes into plant cells, it increases the pressure inside the cell by filling up the vacuole ● How can plant cells protect bursting open? ­ they have a cell wall for extra support ­ they have the vacuole that stores water and will help to pump water out ● What’s the difference between the 2 types of endocytosis? ­ Phagocytosis: eating large solids ­ Pinocytosis: “drinking” liquids