Download DNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS

Ho Ho Ho STAMP
DNA and PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS
DNA & Protein Synthesis (Cell Biology 1d, Genetics 4a-e & 5a-c)
32. Label the
parts of the
DNA molecule
to the right.
32. Label the
parts of the DNA
molecule to the
right.
A,B,C,D= Base Pairs
E=Alternating Phosphate
and Sugar molecules
F=Nucleotide (Phosphate,
Sugar, Base)
33. Do all cells in a
person contain the same
DNA sequence?
33. Do all cells in a
person contain the same
DNA sequence?
YES!!
33a. Do all cells express
the same genes?
YES!!
33a. Do all cells express
the same genes?
No.
34. If all cells of a
multicellular organism
contain the same genes,
explain how they appear
and function differently?
34. If all cells of a multicellular
organism contain the same
genes, explain how they appear
and function differently?
-cells only transcribe those portions
of genes that they need
35. Describe the
nitrogen basebase-pairing
rules for DNA.
35. Describe the
nitrogen basebase-pairing
rules for DNA.
Guanine with cytosine
Adenine with thymine
(GCAT)
36. The
process of
information
encoded in
DNA being
rewritten as
mRNA is
called
.
36. The
process of
information
encoded in
DNA being
rewritten as
mRNA is
called Transcription
.
37. Determine the mRNA
sequence that would be
produced from this original
template DNA strand.
DNA = 5`ATG5`ATG-GCT
GCT--A 3`
mRNA= ?
37. Determine the mRNA
sequence that would be
produced from this original
template DNA strand.
DNA = 5`ATG – GCT - A 3`
mRNA=3`UAC - CGA - U 5`
38. What are the 3 main
differences between
DNA and RNA?
38. What are the 3 main
differences between DNA and
RNA?
DNA
RNA
Shape
Double Helix
Linear
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Bases
GCAT
GCAU
39. The process
of cells using
information from
mRNA to
produce proteins
.
is called_
39. The process
of cells using
information from
mRNA to
produce proteins
is called_Translation.
40. Label
each of the
parts in the
diagram to
the right.
40. Label each
of the parts in
the diagram to
the right.
F=mRNA
G=Ribosome
E=Codon
D=Amino acid
C=tRNA
A=Polypeptide/Protein B=Peptide Bond
41. What type of bonds
connect amino acids to
produce a protein?
41. What type of bonds connect
amino acids to produce a
protein?
Peptide Bonds
Polypeptide/Protein
42. Which
amino acids
would the
mRNA
sequence
UCA--AUG
UCA
AUG--GAG
produce?
42. Which
amino acids
would the
mRNA sequence
UCA--AUG
UCA
AUG--GAG
produce?
Ser--Met
Ser
Met--Glu
43. List all
mRNA codons
that code for
the amino acid
alanine.
43. List all
mRNA codons
that code for
the amino acid
alanine.
GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG
44. What is the reason
for so many different
proteins existing,
when there are only 20
amino acids?
44. What is the reason for so
many different proteins existing,
when there are only 20 amino
acids?
-Each protein is made from a different
combination and number of amino
acids.
45. Define mutation:
45. Define mutation:
-A natural process that produces
genetic diversity.
-Most mutation are harmless.
46. What are 2 types of
mutations?
46. What are 2 types of
mutations?
47. What are some
possible causes of
mutations?
47. What are some
possible causes of
mutations?
Over exposure to UV light,
smoking, drinking, x-rays,
genetics
48. What could happen
as a result of a
mutation?
48. What could
happen as a
result of a
mutation?
The amino acid
sequence can change
and a different protein
expressed.
NORMAL
Sickle Cell
49. Inserting foreign
DNA into an organism is
known as
.
49. Inserting foreign
DNA into an organism is
known as
.
Genetic Engineering
50. Give an example of
how the process above
can be beneficial.
50. Give an example of
how the process above
can be beneficial.
1. To make medicine
2. To make new and better plants and animals
3. To cure diseases
ROCK STAR STAMP
Meiosis and Genetics
Meiosis & Genetics (Genetics 2a-f)
51. Define
chromosome:
51. Define
chromosome:
X-like structure made of
DNA and Proteins
52. Define meiosis:
52. Define meiosis:
-The process that changes the chromosome
number from Diploid, 2n, to Haploid, n.
-To produce haploid gametes [sex cells]
53. Which cells undergo
meiosis?
53. Which cells undergo
meiosis?
-Males=Spermatogonia,2n, to
make sperm,n
-Females=Oogonia, 2n, to make
an egg,n
54. Define diploid:
54. Define diploid:
2n=Full set of chromosomes
found in any somatic cell of an
organism
55. Define haploid:
55. Define haploid:
-Half the number of chromosomes
found in a diploid cell.
-Sex cells have a haploid number
of chromosomes.
56. Describe
what is
occurring and
the types of
cells that would
be produced in
the diagram to
the right.
2n
n
n
n
n
56. Describe
what is occurring
and the types of
cells that would
be produced in
the diagram to
the right.
2n
n
-Crossing
Crossing--over
-Gametes (egg,n, and sperm,n)
are made
n
n
n
57. What is the
difference between
somatic cells and sex
cells?
57. What is the
difference between
somatic cells and sex
cells?
-Somatic Cells=2n, any cell except
sex cells
-Sex cells=n, egg and sperm only
58. Sperm cells and egg
cells can also be called
.
58. Sperm cells and egg
cells can also be called
.
Gametes
Or
Sex Cells or
Reproductive Cells
59. Which process occurring
during prophase 1 of meiosis
does this diagram represent?
How do you know?
59. Which process occurring
during prophase 1 of meiosis
does this diagram represent?
How do you know?
-Crossing
Crossing--over
-Chromatids are exchanging alleles
60. A plant has a genotype
of TtPp, list all possible
genetic combinations found
in the gametes produced:
60. A plant has a genotype
of TtPp, list all possible
genetic combinations found
in the gametes produced:
TP
Tp
tP
tp
61. Define allele:
61. Define allele:
-different versions of a gene
Ex Gene: Flower color
alleles: A=purple a=white