Download Topic #2 - OCHS Biology

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Honors Biology Topic #2: Domains Archaea and Bacteria
1) Which kingdoms are the ONLY ones that are entirely prokaryotic?
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
2) What does “prokaryotic” mean?
a cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
3) How can you remember that these kingdoms are prokaryotic?
They both have the word “bacteria” in their names and the only prokaryotic organisms are
bacteria.
4) Is it possible for prokaryotic organisms to be multicellular? Why or why not?
No, prokaryotic cells are too simple (they do not have mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, ER,
etc.). Such simple cells are unable to specialize into specific tissues or work together as a
multicellular organism.
5) Can prokaryotes be autotrophic?
Yes
6) What does “autotrophic” mean?
an organism can make its own food (like through the process of photosynthesis); it does not
have to consume other organisms as a food source
7) Can prokaryotes be heterotrophic?
Yes
8) What does “heterotrophic” mean?
an organism must get its nutrients by consuming other organisms
9) Fill in the Venn Diagram below comparing Archaea and Bacteria.
Archaea
cell walls have various
prokaryotic
lipids
Bacteria
cell walls made of
peptidoglycan
have a cell wall
many are
extremophiles
cause many common
may have flagella
illnesses (strep)
10) What is peptidoglycan?
molecule made of protein and carbohydrates that makes up the cell wall of bacteria
11) What is an extremophile?
An extremophile lives in a very extreme environment, such as high salt, high or low
temperature, very acidic, etc.
12) Where would you expect to find a halophile? Acidophile? Thermophile?
halophile: very salty environment; acidophile: acidic environment; thermophile: high
temperatures
13) Fill in the chart below that distinguishes between the different modes of nutrition possible for
Archaea and Bacteria.
Photoautotroph
Chemoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Energy Source?
Carbon Source?
(Light or chemicals)
(CO2 or organic compounds)
Light
CO2
Chemicals
CO2
Light
Organic compounds
Chemicals
Organic compounds
14) Two new prokaryotic species are discovered. One is found in an underwater volcanic vent, the
other is found in the small intestine of humans. Which is probably bacteria, and which is
probably archaea?
the one in the volcanic vent is probably Archaea while the one in the intestine is probably
bacteria
15) Look at this labeled image. Briefly describe the purpose of each part of the cell.
pili: attachment to surfaces or other cells
cell wall: supports the cell
Plasmid: contains “special” genes (like antibiotic
resistance
DNA: carries the genetic material of the cell
necessary for it to survive
Flagellum: helps the cell move/swim
16) What Domain does the cell to the right belong to? How
do you know?
Bacteria: it has peptidoglygan cell walls and no
nucleus (meaning it is prokaryotic)
17) How would the cell to the right be different if it belonged to the other prokaryotic domain?
its cell walls wouldn’t be made of peptidoglycan