Download Bio 104 Exam 2 Review

Bio 104 Exam 2a Review – Chapters 21-22 (algae)
Chapter 21 – Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses – Considered non-living (why?)
Can infect any cell type – those that infect bacteria are called bacteriophage
Outer capsid – composed of protein
Inner core – composed of DNA or RNA
Two replication cycles – Lytic and Lysogenic (know differences), prophage
Prion diseases – infectious protein (scrapie, mad cow, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, chronic wasting disease)
Kingdom Monera (Domain Bacteria)– All are prokaryotic (what does that mean)
Use Gram stain to classify
Bacteria – single circular chromosome, peptidoglycan in cell walls, can transfer DNA via
conjugation, other methods, can live in a variety of habitats, including no oxygen (anaerobic or
facultative), may be autotrophic or heterotrophic, may have flagella or capsules (extracellular
modifications), may produce endospores, divide by binary fission – generation time as short as 2030 minutes or shorter
Used to include Archaea (also prokaryotic)
Cyanobacteria – once called blue-green algae, are autotrophic by photosynthesis, include
Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa
Domain Archaea – how are they similar to and different from Domain Bacteria?
Chapter 22 - Kingdom Protista – All are Eukaryotic (what does that mean?)
Algae – plant-like protists, classified by their color (pigments), autotrophic by photosynthesis
Green – single cells (Chlamydomonas), filamentous(Spirogyra), colonial(Volvox)
Brown – Usually multicellular, Kelp ((Laminaria), provide food additives
Red – may grow with coral, provide food additives, agar
Golden brown – include diatoms – largest food source (phytoplankton)
Dinoflagellates – Ceratium, may be associated with red tide
Euglenoids – Euglena - two flagella, red eyespot
Types of symbiotic relationships:
Parasitc
Commensalistic
Mutualistic