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2008 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST - SECTIONAL - - This Test Consists of 50 Questions - - Biology Test Production Team Donna Ford, John A. Logan College – Author/Team Leader Julie Ellis, Kaskaskia College – Author Keith Krapf, John A. Logan College – Reviewer Don Wayman, WYSE – Coordinator of Test Production GENERAL DIRECTIONS Please read the following instructions carefully. This is a timed test; any instructions from the test supervisor should be followed promptly. The test supervisor will give instructions for filling in any necessary information on the answer sheet. Most Academic Challenge sites will ask you to indicate your answer to each question by marking an oval that corresponds to the correct answer for that question. Only one oval should be marked to answer each question. Multiple ovals will automatically be graded as an incorrect answer. Be sure ovals are marked as . Not as , , , etc. If you wish to change an answer, erase your first mark completely before marking your new choice. You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, and then come back to the difficult ones later if time remains. *** TIME: 40 MINUTES *** DO NOT OPEN TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO! © 2008 Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering “WYSE”, “Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering” and the “WYSE Design” are service marks of and this work is Copyright © 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign. All rights reserved. WYSE – Academic Challenge Biology Test (Sectional) – 2008 1. Trees, ants, lake water, and soil together would best be described as part of a/an ____. a. population b. ecosystem c. community d. organism e. species 2. Which of the following tissues is best known for its intercalated disks and involuntary movement? a. b. c. d. e. skeletal muscle cuboidal epithelium blood cardiac muscle bone 3. ____ is the most abundant inorganic substance in the human body. a. Water b. Glucose c. Cellulose d. Keratin e. Collagen 4. ____ seals the sticky ends of DNA back together in recombinant DNA research. a. b. c. d. e. A DNA probe A plasmid DNA ligase Gel electrophoresis none of the above 5. During ____ a woman’s menstrual cycle ceases. a. menstruation b. meiosis c. ovulation d. mitosis e. menopause 6. Match the scientists in Column A with their discoveries in Column B. Column A Column B 1. 2. 3. 4. i. ii. iii. iv. Gregor Mendel Kary Mullis Fredrick Griffith Melvin Calvin transformation genetics principles C3 cycle in photosynthesis PCR procedure Select the correct matching sequence. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – iv; 1 – ii; 1 – iv; 1 – iii; 1 – ii; 2 – ii; 2 – iv; 2 – iii; 2 – iv; 2 – iv; 3 – i; 3 – i; 3 – ii; 3 – i; 3 – iii; 4 – iii 4 – iii 4–i 4 – ii 4–i 2008 Sectional Bioloby – 2 7. The figure below represents a homologous chromosome pair. Which statement is not true? A B C D a. b. c. d. A, B, C, and D represent chromatids. Crossing over can occur between B and C. The same type of characteristics are found on the chromosome pair. The chromosomes would align themselves at the midline of the cell during Metaphase I. e. All of the chromatids can be referred to as sister chromatids. 8. Linkage groups change during ____. a. mitosis b. Prophase I c. fertilization d. Metaphase I e. cytokinesis 9. ____ enzymes will cut a plasmid at specific sites. a. b. c. d. e. Ligase Digestive Polymerase Restriction None of the above 10. The gland or muscle that responds to nervous stimulation is referred to as the ____. a. b. c. d. e. motor neuron afferent neuron effector sensory neuron none of these 2008 Sectional Biology – 3 11. Which best describes products of lactate fermentation? a. b. c. d. e. lactate, ATP, NAD+ ATP, C6H12O6, lactate H2O, C6H12O6, lactate CO2, H2O, lactate ATP, O2, lactate 12. Which of the following is not associated with primary consumers? a. b. c. d. e. herbivores sheep giraffe omnivores secondary trophic level 13. Which of the following statements is false? a. b. c. d. e. Restriction enzymes cleave DNA at specific sites. DNA polymerase proofreads DNA replication. Viruses can be used as a vector in recombinant DNA research. Gel electrophoresis separates only DNA molecules according to size and charge. Taq polymerase can be used during PCR. 14. Glycosidic linkage is to ____ as peptide bonds are to ____. a. b. c. d. e. triglyceride; amino acids amino acids; disaccharide disaccharide; amino acids disaccharide; nucleic acid triglyceride; nucleic acid 15. Which of the following is not in Kingdom Protista? a. Paramecia b. Kelp c. Diatoms d. Slime mold e. Penicillium 16. Resin ____. a. b. c. d. e. is an organic compound produced by some conifers is a clear viscous material can be used to protect the conifers from fungal attacks is produced by cells lining the resin ducts all of the above 2008 Sectional Biology – 4 17. Match the plant types in Column A with its definition in Column B. Column A Column B 1. 2. 3. 4. i. ii. iii. iv. Pistillate Staminate Perfect Complete carpels and stamens only carpels carpels, stamens, sepals, petals only stamens Select the correct matching sequence. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – ii; 1 – ii; 1 – iv; 1 – i; 1 – iv; 2 – iv; 2 – iv; 2 – iii; 2 – ii; 2 – ii; 3 – iii; 3 – i; 3 – i; 3 – iii; 3 – iii; 4–i 4 – iii 4 – ii 4 – iv 4–i 18. Which of the following statements about the figure is not true? 90% water & 10% salt a. b. c. d. e. 99% water & 1% salt The cell will increase in volume. The net movement of water is from the cell to the solution. The cell will crenate. The solution is hypertonic to the cell. The cell has a higher concentration of solvent than the surrounding solution. 19. Which of the following metabolic pathways is not part of cellular respiration? a. b. c. d. e. glycolysis C3 cycle citric acid cycle chemiosmosis electron transport system 20. ____ contain(s) multiple sets of chromosomes from more than one species. a. b. c. d. e. Autopolyploidy Heteropolyploidy Allopolyploidy Hybridization Diploid 2008 Sectional Biology – 5 21. Which of the following bases is not a pyrimidine? a. b. c. d. e. uracil cytosine thymine adenine All of the above are pyrimidines. 22. The organic chemical that has non-polar characteristics is ____. a. b. c. d. e. a protein a lipid a nucleic acid a carbohydrate an amino acid 23. Epistasis is ____. a. b. c. d. e. the gene interaction which can mask the expression of another set of alleles the blending of traits the expression of both traits the effect one gene pair has on many traits the additive effect of many gene pairs 24. Primary succession ____. a. b. c. d. e. occurs after a tornado occurs after a forest fire takes the environment back to a previous stage of succession is faster than secondary succession occurs after a volcanic eruption 25. The Human Genome Project ____. a. b. c. d. e. sequenced genes only for genetic disorders was completed behind schedule had more than one director included mitochondrial DNA sequencing all of the above 2008 Sectional Biology – 6 26. Match the types of horizontal gene transfer in Column A with the most appropriate definition in Column B. Column A Column B 1. transduction 2. conjugation 3. transformation i. bacteria picks up DNA from environment ii. bacteriophage transfers foreign DNA iii. cell-to-cell contact needed to transfer DNA Select the correct matching sequence. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – iii; 1 – ii; 1 – i; 1 – iii; 1 – ii; 2 – ii; 2 – iii; 2 – ii; 2 – i; 2 – i; 3–i 3–i 3 – iii 3 – ii 3 – iii 27. Prokaryotes that are able to grow with or without the presence of oxygen are called ____. a. b. c. d. e. facultative anaerobes obligate anaerobes saprotrophs obligate aerobes chemolithotrophs 28. Which of the following terms best describes the dropping, or loss, of flowers, leaves, fruit, and other plant parts? a. b. c. d. e. abscission germination transpiration senescence dormancy 29. Keeping in mind where biological processes occur, which of the following is/are not correctly matched? a. b. c. d. e. Calvin cycle – stroma of chloroplast Citric acid cycle – matrix of mitochondrion Glycolysis – cytoplasm Electron transport system – thylakoid of mitochondrion Chemiosmosis – inner mitochondrial membrane 30. In recombinant DNA research, it is first necessary to have a vector such as a ____ that is sometimes found in bacterial cells. a. b. c. d. e. restriction enzyme DNA polyermase DNA ligase probe plasmid 2008 Sectional Biology – 7 31. After a meal, blood sugar levels increase causing the ____ to produce insulin to aid in glucose metabolism. a. duodenum b. pancreas c. thyroid d. thymus e. spleen 32. Which of the following is not true? a. Sickle cell anemia may be described by anemia, poor circulation, or sickle shaped red blood cells. b. Huntington’s disease is characterized by benign tumors that occur under the skin or deeper. c. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by mucus build up in the lungs. d. An individual with Phenylketonuria cannot metabolize phenylalanine, and if a special diet is not begun develops mental retardation. e. Hemophilia A is characterized by the propensity for bleeding caused by the lack of a blood clotting factor. 33. Which of the following is/are not an example of density independent factors that can limit population growth? a. competition b. disease c. fires d. hurricanes e. both a and b 34. Which of the following statements is not true about carbon? a. b. c. d. e. Carbon is the backbone for organic molecules. Carbon has four bonding sites. Carbon can only form single and double bonds with other carbons. Carbon can form long chain molecules. Carbon can exist as isotopes. 35. The animal cell organelle that forms the spindles is the ____. a. ribosome b. mitochondrion c. lysosome d. centriole e. nucleus 36. The function of the meristem region of a plant is ____. a. b. c. d. e. growth water absorption mineral uptake food dispersal both b and c 37. Which of the following animals has a four-chambered heart? a. python b. iguana c. blue jay d. all the above e. none of the above 38. Fertilizers can ____. a. b. c. d. e. add nitrogen to the soil accumulate in the soil get into the ground water cause dead zones in deltas all the above 2008 Sectional Biology – 8 39. Which of the following is found in gamete formation but not in somatic cell formation? a. b. c. d. e. cytokinesis chromatids separate crossing over spindles form nuclear envelope breaks down 40. For a single trait test cross, the expected genotypic ratio when the dominant trait phenotype is from a heterozygous genotype is ____. a. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 b. 3 : 1 c. 1 : 2 : 1 d. 1 : 1 e. none of the above 41. The following is an example of a ____. H:H a. b. c. d. e. molecular formula structural formula Lewis structure compound formula elemental formula 42. Which of the following plants do not have all the following parts: vascular tissues, seeds, roots, and leaves? a. ferns b. spruce tree c. grass d. corn e. none of the above 43. Bacterial cells are classified by all the following except: ____. a. b. c. d. e. cell wall composition DNA shape rRNA fermentation products both b and c 44. If an atom has 6 valence shell electrons, the atom would probably ____. a. b. c. d. e. lose 2 electrons lose 6 electrons gain 2 electrons gain 8 electrons none of the above 45. As energy flows through an ecosystem, the 10% rule refers to ____. a. b. c. d. e. the energy given off as heat the energy available for the next trophic level the energy gained by the organism energy and mass lost none of the above 2008 Sectional Biology – 9 46. Which statement is not true concerning protists? a. b c. d. e. All protists are in the same Kingdom. Protists live in many types of environments. Protists can be autotrophs or heterotrophs. Protists are in Domain Eukarya. Protists have a single ancestor. 47. Which is not a characteristic of all living things? a. b. c. d. e. nucleus with DNA metabolism growth and development made up of cells respond to stimuli 48. Which is not a true statement about X – linked traits? a. b. c. d. e. Sons get the X – linked trait from their mothers. Fathers pass the X – linked trait to their daughters. If a mother has the X – linked trait, her son will possess the trait. Daughters will be carriers of the X – linked trait, if their mothers are carriers. Daughters will be carriers or possess the trait if their fathers have the X – linked trait. 49. Beetles, crayfish, millipedes, and ticks are all in the____. a. b. c. d. e. same kingdom same phylum same class a and b a, b and c 50. Amino acid is to protein, as ____ is to glycogen. a. carbohydrate b. sucrose c. fatty acid d. starch e. glucose 2008 Sectional