Download Y Y W Y Y

Review 4 6-week
Name:
th
1. Complete the following table comparing the events in Mitosis vs. Meiosis:
Event
Mitosis
Type of reproduction:
Asexual
sexual or asexual
Meiosis
Sexual
Genetically identical or different?
Identical
Different
Ploidy (humans)
2N orN?
Start — • End
Start — • End
2N --> 2N
Start — • End
46 -- > 46
1: Prophase
2: Metaphase
3: Anaphase
4 Telophase
5: Cytokinesis
Number of Chromosomes (humans)
Steps: (label the names of each phase)
Type of cells in a human that can undergo this
process
2N --> N
Start — • End
46 --> 23
1Interphase
2 Prophase I
3 Metaphase I
4 Anaphase I
5 Telo/Cyto I
6 Prophase II
7 Metaphase II
8 Anaphase II
9 Telo/Cyto II
Somatic (Body) Cells Germ Line Cells
Which one makes gametes?
X
2. The diagram below illustrates Crossing Over
which occurs during
Prophase I
YY W YY
3. When one or more nucleotides are lost diring chromosomal crossover in meiosis, this is called A. Deletion mutationDELETION MUTATION
B. Insertion mutation
C. Substitution mutation
D. Gene duplication
ANSWER: A
4. Refer to the diagram to theright.What process occurs at Y?
MEIOSIS II
Pagel oi tf
Review 4 6-week
Name:
th
5. A DNA strand has the following bases: A A G C C A. What are the bases on the complimentary strand of DNA?
TTCGGT
6. What is a frame shift mutation? Draw or write an example
7. Define translation.
Decoding of mRNA into protein.
8. Define transcription.
DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
9. Remember how to label this?
DNA Transcription • RNA
Translation
•Protein
10. Take this DNA sequence from DNA to protein:
CAGCGGTTA -» GUCGCCAAU
-» Valine-Alanine-Asparagine
11. What are chromosomal abnormalities? Give an example of a monosomy. Give an example of a trisomy.
Trisomy - Three copies of one chromosome
12. If a homozygous tall pea plant (T) and a homozygous short pea (t) plant are crossed; the offspring would be
what phenotype? Use a Punnett square to show your work
T
Tt
t
t
Tt
T
Tt
Tt
13. What are codominate alleles? Give an example.
Both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism. Offspring flower will have white & red petals.
14. In mice, the ability to run normally is a dominant trait. Mice with this trait are called running mice (R). The
recessive trait causes mice to run in circles only. Mice with this trait are called waltzing mice (r). Hair color is also
inherited in mice. Black hair (B) is dominant over brown hair (b). Cross a heterozygous running, heterozygous
RrBb x RRBB
black mouse with a homozygous running, homozygous black mouse.
RB
A Write the cross:
b. Write the gametes
use FOIL!
c. Fill in the Punnett Square
d. Answer the question
Rb
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rb
RB
RB
RB
RB
15. The Punnett square to therightshows a cross between a homozygous
dominant genotype for hair color and a heterozygous genotype for hair
color. Which conclusion can be drawn from the Punnett square?
A. The parents will have four offspring
W
B. Two of the offspring will be homozygous recessive
C. Only two of the offspring will have the same hair color
W
D. All of the offspring will have the same hair color
ANSWER = D
rB
WWXWw
W
w
WW
Ww
WW
Ww
Review 4 6-week
Name:
th
16. Compare the original (Normal Strand) of DNA and then at the mutated strand:
Normal Strand: GTCCATCTGATTACGGCA (18)
Mutated strand: GTCCATCGATTACGGCA (17)
Which mutations have taken place?
a) Point & inversion mutations
b) Point and frameshift mutation
c) Inversion and deletion mutation
d) Deletion and frameshift mutation
ANSWER = D
17. Which diagram illustrates a cross between these parents BBAa x BbAa
F
BA
Ba DA
ba
3A
BB
AH
ANSWER = F
Ba
TYPO!!!! THE ANSWER IS H! The only parent that has two unique gametes is Parent BBAa
so we only need two lines instead of four. If we made the punnet square 16 boxes large, the
gametes on the left side would be BA, Ba, BA, Ba (a repeating sequence).
Aa
Q
BP
Aa
BA
Ba
BA
Ba
BB
Aa
H
bA
ba
BA
Ba
3
BA
Ba
18. Edwards Syndrome is a serious condition causing 10% of those bom with it to die within their first years. The
cause is trisomy 18, the presence of three chromosome 18s. All children with this condition are mentally
retarded and suffer with breathing problems and possible seizures. The technique for diagnosing Edwards
Syndrome involves a series of steps: obtaining cells from the individual, staining chromosomes from the cells;
identifying chromosomes by their size and staining patterns, and rearranging, grouping, and sequencing the
autosomes in order of decreasing length. This method of diagnosis is a form of A. Genetic modification
B. Chromosomal analysis
C. DNA fingerprinting
D. Genetic transformation
ANSWER: B
19. Instructions found in DNA control a less-specialized cell's potential to change in size, shape, and function. The
process which controls the future of a cell is A. Cell transformation
B. RNA translation
C. Cell differentiation
D. DNA transcription
ANSWER: D
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Review 4 6-week
Name:
th
16. Compare the original (Normal Strand) of DNA and then at the mutated strand:
Normal Strand: GTCCATCTGATTACGGCA (18)
Mutated strand: GTCCATCGATTACGGCA (17)
Which mutations have taken place?
a) Point & inversion mutations
b) Point and frameshift mutation
c) Inversion and deletion mutation
d) Deletion and frameshift mutation
ANSWER: D
17. Which diagram illustrates a cross between these parents BBAa x BbAa
F
BA
Ba hA
be
3A
BB
ANSWER: F
Ba
Aa
s
Bt>
Aa
BA
Ba
BA
Ba
BB
Aa
H
bA
ba
BA
Ba
j
BA
Ba
18. Edwards Syndrome is a serious condition causing 10% of those bom with it to die within theirfirstyears. The
cause is trisomy 18, the presence of three chromosome 18s. All children with this condition are mentally
retarded and suffer with breathing problems and possible seizures. The technique for diagnosing Edwards
Syndrome involves a series of steps: obtaining cells from the individual, staining chromosomes from the cells;
identifying chromosomes by their size and staining patterns, and rearranging, grouping, and sequencing the
autosomes in order of decreasing length. This method of diagnosis is a form of A. Genetic modification
B. Chromosomal analysis
C. DNA fingerprinting
D. Genetic transformation
ANSWER: B
19. Instructions found in DNA control a less-specialized cell's potential to change in size, shape, and function. The
process which controls the future of a cell is A. Cell transformation
B. RNA translation
C. Cell differentiation
D. DNA transcription
ANSWER: D
Page 3 of M-
Review 4 6-week
Name:
th
B
o
•
o
2Q. Write the genotype for each individual into the pedigree above (use the letters D and d) write the genotype into
y next to each circle or box.
^k. What type of inheritance is this pedigree showing? (i.e. dominante or recessive) Explain how you know this.
22. What is the fossil record?
Information about past life, including the structure of organisms, what they ate, what ate them, in what environment they lived, and the order
in which they lived.
23. Looking through the fossil record, there are times when numerous fossils look to just appear all at the same time,
with similar characteristics. What is a good explanation for this?
A. A change in the environment occurred, and animals choose to express different traits
B. New species are always occurring, and there is no reason for it
C. Ancient man killed off all the animals, and they raised new animals, which are then found in the fossil
record
D. A change in the environment caused different genetic traits to allow for a greater chance of survival, and the
fossil record shows this
ANSWER: D
24. What is natural selection? (ch15 p380)
Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully
25. Natural selection produces changes in apopulation
not in individuals.
26. Which statement does NOT accurately describe natural selection?
A. Individual organisms change their genes to adapt to their environment
B. The genetic composition of a population changes from one generation to the next
C. More advantageous traits become more common in populations
D. Beneficial and useful traits are inheritable
ANSWER: A
27. Natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms lead to the
A. Increased opportunity for the spread of genetic disorders that are recessive
B. A smaller genetic variation
C. Unity and diversity of a population or species
D. None of the above
ANSWER: C
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