Download Quiz5-2005

Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 5
1.
Which of the following determines pitch?
a.
Vigor of vibration.
b.
Complexity of sound.
c.
Frequency of vibration.
d.
Intensity of vibration.
15.
Mutant mice that are unable to hear lack ________?
a.
inner hair cells
b.
outer hair cells
c.
the Organ of Corti
d.
the basilar membrane
2.
The stimulus for sound is related to
a.
changes in air pressure.
b.
mechanical pressure of the skin.
c.
the presence of chemical molecules.
d.
thermal energy.
16.
Axons of cells in the ____________ project to the auditory cortex.
a.
superior olivary complex
b.
inferior colliculus
c.
lateral geniculate nucleus
d.
medial geniculate nucleus
3.
Humans perceive sounds that
a.
vibrate less than 20 times per second.
b.
vibrate between 30 - 20,000 times per second.
c.
vibrate more than 35,000 times per second.
d.
vibrate more than 45,000 times per second.
17.
In each hemisphere, the auditory cortex receives information from
a.
the ipsilateral ear.
b.
the contralateral ear.
c.
both ears, but mostly from the ipsilateral ear.
d.
both ears, but mostly from the contralateral ear.
4.
Loudness is determined by sound
a.
intensity.
b.
complexity.
c.
frequency.
d.
rate.
18.
The primary auditory cortex contains a topographical "map" of which of
the following sound characteristics?
a.
Complexities.
b.
Frequencies.
c.
Timbres.
d.
Intensities.
5.
Complexity of sound corresponds to
a.
timbre.
b.
pitch.
c.
loudness.
d.
phase difference.
19.
The cochlea is located within the
a.
outer ear.
b.
inner ear.
c.
pinna.
d.
middle ear.
Which of the following sequences best describes the pathway traveled
by sound waves?
a.
Ossicles, tympanic membrane, round window, cochlea.
b.
Tympanic membrane, oval window, ossicles, auditory cortex.
c.
Tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea, cochlear nerve.
d.
Ossicles, tympanic membrane, cochlea, auditory nerve.
20.
The receptors for hearing are called
a.
tympanic receptors.
b.
hair cells.
c.
auditory neurons.
d.
ossicles.
Primary auditory cortex receives input from
a.
the lateral geniculate.
b.
the medial geniculate.
c.
the parabelt region.
d.
the belt region.
21.
In a quiet setting, a healthy, young ear is limited in its ability to detect
sound by the
a.
sensitivity of the auditory system.
b.
masking noise of blood coursing through the cranial vessels.
c.
number of active inner hair cells.
d.
number of active outer hair cells.
22.
The auditory system localizes sounds such as pops or clicks by
detecting ____________.
a.
arrival time
b.
phase time
c.
intensity
d.
sine wave phase
23.
Which type of sounds are most accurately localized by the difference in
loudness between ears?
a.
Quiet sounds.
b.
Low frequencies.
c.
Intermediate frequencies.
d.
High frequencies.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Receptors for hearing are located in the
a.
ossicles.
b.
cochlea.
c.
middle ear.
d.
vestibular apparatus.
Hair-like appendages on ends of the auditory receptors are
a.
hair cells.
b.
ganglia.
c.
cilia.
d.
intrafusal fibers.
10.
It is difficult to hear underwater because
a.
water reflects sound waves.
b.
water absorbs sound waves.
c.
air pressure changes become larger under water.
d.
water weakens the hair cells.
24.
11.
Which of the following would occur if the round window were to be
covered with bone growth?
a.
Inability to detect rotation of the head.
b.
Inability to maintain a level head.
c.
Hearing loss.
d.
All of the above would occur.
Stimulation of which of the following causes nystagmus?
a.
Vestibular sacs.
b.
Semicircular canals.
c.
The utricle.
d.
The saccule.
25.
Nuclei that receive auditory information from the cochlear nuclei are the
a.
organs of Corti.
b.
cilium.
c.
vestibular nuclei.
d.
superior olivary complex.
Which of the following is a function of the vestibular system?
a.
Adjusting eye movements to compensate for head movements.
b.
Maintaining balance.
c.
Keeping the head upright.
d.
All of the alternatives are correct.
26.
The primary auditory cortex is located in which of the following fissures?
a.
Calcarine.
b.
Central.
c.
Lateral.
d.
Rolando.
Electrical stimulation of free nerve endings would produce
a.
a sensation of pressure.
b.
a sensation of oiliness.
c.
a sensation of vibration.
d.
a sensation of pain.
27.
A person lacking free nerve endings would experience change in
a.
pain perception.
b.
temperature perception.
c.
perception of movement of hair on the skin.
d.
all of the above.
12.
13.
14.
The dendrites of the cochlear nerve form synapses mostly with
a.
axons from the acoustic nerve.
b.
outer hair cells.
c.
spiral ganglion.
d.
inner hair cells.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Constant stimulation of skin eventually fails to produce sensation
because
a.
over stimulation leads to chemical fatigue of receptors.
b.
receptors signal the cortex to decrease perception of touch.
c.
receptors tire physically and can no longer fire.
d.
receptors adapt to the stimulus and stop firing.
Adaptation by cutaneous receptors demonstrates
a.
the role of Pacinian corpuscles in touch perception.
b.
chemical fatigue of a receptor.
c.
physical fatigue of a receptor.
d.
the importance of detecting movement.
Temperature is detected by
a.
all somatosensory receptors.
b.
a common receptive element.
c.
separate cold and warmth receptors.
d.
pacinian corpuscles.
Which of the following is a stimulus for pain?
a.
Intense pressure delivered to the skin.
b.
Capsaicin.
c.
Nociceptive fibers sensitive to ATP.
d.
All of the above.
32.
Which analgesic stimulus is NOT reversed by naloxone?
a.
Hypnosis.
b.
Placebo.
c.
Acupuncture.
d.
Inescapable shock.
33.
The best stimulus for the sensation of saltiness is
a.
sodium chloride.
b.
a metallic cation.
c.
hydrogen ions.
d.
G proteins.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Receptors for sourness respond to
a.
G proteins that activate enzymes.
b.
second messengers.
c.
hydrogen ions in acidic solutions.
d.
calcium ion channels.
Flavor is
a.
the intensity of a gustatory sensation.
b.
a combination of gustatory sensations.
c.
the simultaneous activation of all taste sensations.
d.
a combination of gustatory and olfactory qualities.
The stimulus for olfaction is
a.
electromagnetic radiation.
b.
electrochemical.
c.
mechanical stimulation.
d.
an aromatic molecule.
High-frequency sounds cause greatest displacement at the basal end of
the basilar membrane.
a.
True
b.
False
The head absorbs high frequencies, producing a "sonic shadow," so
that the ear opposite the sound source receives less intense
stimulation.
a.
True
b.
False
39.
Differences in intensity determine timbre.
a.
True
b.
False
40.
The eardrum is also called the tympanic membrane.
a.
True
b.
False
41.
The ossicles function to increase the efficiency of energy transfer to the
inner ear.
a.
True
b.
False
42.
The receptive organ for the vestibular sense is the organ of Corti.
a.
True
b.
False
43.
Auditory receptor cells are located in the ossicles.
a.
True
b.
False
44.
Whether hair cells produce hyperpolarizations or depolarizations
depends on the direction in which they are bent.
a.
True
b.
False
45.
The work of von Bekesy suggests that sounds of different frequencies
cause different parts of the basilar membrane to flex.
a.
True
b.
False
46.
A shearing force on the cilia opens ion channels in hair cells, producing
receptor potentials.
a.
True
b.
False
47.
Low-frequency sounds cause flexion on the base of the basilar
membrane.
a.
True
b.
False
48.
One method of sound localization is analysis of binaural differences in
intensity.
a.
True
b.
False
49.
Semicircular canals respond to steady rotation.
a.
True
b.
False
50.
Receptors adapt to constant mechanical pressure.
a.
True
b.
False
51.
Receptors adapt to even moderate changes in skin temperature.
a.
True
b.
False
52.
Hairy skin contains a more complex mix of axons and free nerve
endings than does hairless skin.
a.
True
b.
False
53.
Somatosensory axons from the skin, muscles or internal organs enter
the CNS via cranial nerves.
a.
True
b.
False
54.
The phantom limb phenomenon is a function of the organization of the
parietal cortex.
a.
True
b.
False
55.
The lips and fingertips are the most sensitive parts of the body.
a.
True
b.
False
56.
In nature, most sweet-tasting foods are safe to eat.
a.
True
b.
False
57.
Mutant mice that lack inner hair cells cannot hear.
a.
True
b.
False
58.
Blurred vision while walking implies the loss of the vestibulo-ocular
reflex.
a.
True
b.
False
59.
Pain perception is separate from emotional reactions.
a.
True
b.
False
60.
Hypnosis reduces pain via activation of endogenous opiate systems.
a.
True
b.
False
Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
c
Pitch
a
Sound
b
Sound
a
Loudness
a
Timbre
b
Cochlea
b
Hair cells
b
Cochlea
c
Cilia
a
Hearing
c
Round window
d
Superior olivary complex
c
Lateral fissure
d
Cochlear nerve
a
Inner hair cells
d
Medial geniculate
d
Auditory cortex
b
Auditory cortex
c
Auditory pathway
b
Auditory cortex
b
Loudness
a
Arrival time
d
Localization
b
Semicircular canals
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
d
Vestibular
d
Free nerve endings
d
Free nerve endings
d
Adaptation
d
Adaptation
c
Temperature
d
Pain
a
Naloxone
a
Saltiness
c
Sourness
d
Flavor
d
Olfactory stimulus
True
True
False
True
True
False
False
True
True
True
False
True
False
True
True
False
False
True
True
True
True
True
False
False