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Sports Psychology
Motivation
Definition
• Motivation: An action towards a
goal.
• Positive mental skills of an
athlete
• Confident,
• Optimistic
• Energetic
• enjoyment
Positive Mental Skills
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Determined
Motivated
Dedicated
Focused
Two types of Motivation
• Extrinsic motivation: The desire
or push to perform a certain
behavior based on the potential
external rewards that may be
received as a result.
Intrinsic Motivation
• Intrinsic Motivation: the
motivation or desire to do
something based on the
enjoyment of the behavior itself
rather than relying on or
requiring external
reinforcement.
Intrinsic or Extrinsic?
• Trophies
• Playing your
personal best
• Mastery of skill
• Enjoyment
• Personal Growth
• Money
• Challenging
yourself
• Pushing yourself
to higher goals
• Enjoying the
competition
• Prestige or fame
Learning
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You can learn to be motivated.
Positive Reinforcement
Negaive Reinforcement
Punishment
Type of Learning
• Reinforcement is any change in
an organism's surroundings that
is associated with an increase
in the probability that the
response will be made
Types of Reinforcement
• Positive reinforcement changes
the surroundings by adding a
stimulus that increases the
likelihood of the behavior
occurring in the future.
• Some things which can
generally act as positive
reinforcers include food, money
etc.
Types of Reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement changes the
surroundings by removing an
aversive stimulus - such as turning
off a painful electric current or
removing a conditioned reinforcer
such as changing the channel during
commercials. There are two types of
negative reinforcement.
Negative Reinforcement
Con’t
• Escape conditioning occurs when
the aversive stimulus has already
begun, and the behavior terminates
it. Examples include scratching an
itch or hitting the snooze button on
an alarm clock.
• Avoidance conditioning occurs when
the behavior allows an aversive
stimulus to be avoided before it
starts. Examples include eating to
avoid hunger, and taking an
alternate route to avoid a traffic jam.
Types of Reinformement
Presented
Decrease
likelihood of
behaviour
Positive
punishment
Taken away Negative
punishment
Increase
likelihood of
behaviour
Positive
reinforcement
Negative
reinforcement
Video Clips
• All for one
• Self Motivated
Flash Cards #1
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Fair play
determination
Motivating
Good goals
Have fun
Good sport
Try your hardest
Honesty
Optimistic
Flash Cards #2
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Determination
Fair play
Positive attitude
Courage
Optimistic
Good
sportsmanship
• Learn from
mistakes
• Respect
• Be nice to each
other
• Concentration
Conclusion
• Try and find as many ways to
motivate yourself intrinsically.
• You will work harder, play
harder and enjoy the
competition more