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Unit5testCells
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
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1. All living things are composed of one cell.
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2. A virus is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life.
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3. As a cell gets larger, its surface area increases at a faster rate than its volume.
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4. Inside larger cells, materials and information can be transported more quickly.
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5. All living prokaryotes are unicellular organisms.
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6. The cells of animals and plant are eukaryotes.
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7. All living things that are not eukaryotes are bacteria.
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8. Refer to the illustration above. The diagram shows the lipid bilayer that forms the framework of the cell
membrane.
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9. Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow all substances to diffuse across them.
____ 10. Mitochondria carry on cellular respiration.
____ 11. Proteins store information that direct the activities of a cell.
____ 12. Microtubules and microfilaments form the membrane of cells.
____ 13. The only difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is that plant cells have a cell wall.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 14. The smallest units of life in all living things are
a. cells.
c. cytoplasm.
b. mitochondria.
d. Golgi apparatus.
____ 15. When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area
a. increases at the same rate.
c. increases at a faster rate.
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b. remains the same.
d. increases at a slower rate.
Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because
a. the cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large.
b. materials cannot enter the cell if it is too large.
c. the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes.
d. waste products cannot leave the cell if it is too small.
The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its
a. location.
c. function.
b. structure.
d. surface area.
A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for
a. receiving and transmitting nerve impulses.
b. covering the body surface.
c. moving to different tissues through narrow openings.
d. All of the above
One similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
a. nucleic acids are found in both.
b. mitochondria are found in both.
c. Golgi vesicles are found in both.
d. both have nuclear membrane.
Which of the following is characteristic of eukaryotes?
a. They have a nucleus.
b. They were found on Earth before prokaryotes.
c. The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes.
d. a & c
Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic cell?
a. biofilm structures on human teeth
c. bacterium
b. virus
d. liver cell
Only eukaryotic cells have
a. DNA.
c. ribosomes.
b. membrane-bound organelles.
d. cytoplasm.
Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has a membrane bound
nucleus and mitochondria. It also has a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably
from a(n)
a. animal.
c. prokaryote.
b. plant.
d. now extinct organism.
Cell walls
a. are only found on a small number of cells.
b. contain genes.
c. are found in plant cells and prokaryotes.
d. are thin coverings that surround cells.
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called
a. the nucleus.
c. the nuclear membrane.
b. the cell wall.
d. the cell membrane.
A protein that fits into the cell membrane
a. has two polar end sections that bond with water.
b. floats in the cell membrane.
c. has a nonpolar middle section.
d. All of the above
Cell membranes
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a. are only found on a small number of cells.
b. contain genes.
c. are made of DNA.
d. are thin coverings that surround cells.
The cell membrane
a. encloses the contents of a cell.
b. allows material to enter and leave the cell.
c. is selectively permeable.
d. All of the above
The shape of a protein is determined by
a. the type and order of its amino acids.
c. its cell location.
b. its size.
d. None of the above
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
a. organelle.
c. tissue.
b. organ tissue.
d. biocenter.
A particularly inactive cell might contain only small numbers of
a. chromosomes.
c. mitochondria.
b. vacuoles.
d. walls.
Golgi apparatus are organelles that
a. receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.
b. label the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their
destination.
c. release molecules in vesicles.
d. All of the above
In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?
a. mitochondrion
c. Golgi apparatus
b. chloroplast
d. both a & b
Numerous threadlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called
a. flagella.
c. actin filaments.
b. microtubules.
d. cilia.
Proteins are made in cells on the
a. mitochondria.
c. nucleus.
b. ribosomes.
d. cell membrane.
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
a. nucleus.
c. central vacuole.
b. Golgi apparatus.
d. nuclear envelope.
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
a. nucleolus.
c. nucleoplasm.
b. nuclear wall.
d. nuclear envelope.
All cells have
a. a covering called a membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and
materials enter and leave it.
b. an internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it.
c. a central zone or nucleus that contains the cell's genes.
d. All of the above
cell : cell membrane ::
a. nucleus : chromosome
c. chromosome : DNA
b. nucleus : nuclear envelope
d. cell : DNA
____ 40. Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
a. structure “1”
c. structure “3”
b. structure “2”
d. structure “4”
____ 41. Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure “3”
a. to transport material from one part of the cell to the other.
b. to package proteins so they can be stored by the cell.
c. as a receptor.
d. to produce energy.
____ 42. Refer to the illustration above. Structure “1” is
a. the endoplasmic reticulum.
c. a mitochondrion.
b. a Golgi apparatus.
d. the nucleus.
____ 43. Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are found in
a. structure “1.”
c. structure “3.”
b. structure “2.”
d. structure “5.”
____ 44. Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because
a. it has mitochondria.
c. it has a cell membrane.
b. it does not have a cell wall.
d. it does not have a nucleus.
____ 45. All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except
a. a cell wall.
c. mitochondria.
b. a cell membrane.
d. the endoplasmic reticulum.
____ 46. How are chloroplasts like mitochondria?
a. They can both use energy from sunlight.
b. They look alike.
c. They both manufacture food and release energy.
d. They are both found in animal cells.
____ 47. The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the
a. mitochondria.
c. Golgi apparatus.
b. chloroplasts.
d. vacuoles.
____ 48. The organelles in plant cells and animal cells that use oxygen as electron acceptors are
a. mitochondria.
c. chloroplasts.
b. bilayer lipids.
d. Golgi apparatus.
____ 49. Plant cells have large membrane-bound spaces in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. These
places are known as
a. mitochondria.
c. Golgi apparatus.
b. chloroplasts.
d. vacuoles.
____ 50. Which of the following pairs contains related items?
a. eukaryote–amoeba
b. ribosomes–protein
c. mitochondria–energy
d. all of the above
____ 51. Animal cells
a. do not contain mitochondria.
b. have a cell wall instead of a cell membrane.
c. have a large vacuole instead of a Golgi apparatus.
d. have mitochondria but no cell wall.
____ 52. Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from the most
complex to the simplest?
a. organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
b. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
c. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs
d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
53. The statement that “cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________.
54. The ratio of surface area to volume puts limitations on a cell’s ____________________.
55. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they
contain ____________________ which take up space and carry out specialized activities.
56. A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) ____________________
cell.
57. A cell membrane is said to be ____________________ permeable because it allows the passage of some
solutes and not others.
58. ____________________ molecules have “heads” and “tails” and are found in the cell membrane.
59. Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____________________.
60. The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ____________________.
61. The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the
____________________.
62. The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____________________.
63. Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of plant cells.
64. Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a(n)
____________________.
65. Colonial organisms are like multicellular organisms in that they have ____________________.