Download Honors Biology - Northern Highlands

Honors Biology
Amatuzzi
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells
Carbohydrates pp. 37-39
Homework
Name ______________
due ___________
1. Which elements make up carbohydrates? __________________________________
a. In which ratio? ____________________________________
2. How do living things use most of their carbohydrates? ___________________________
3. Name the life process that releases energy from food molecules ___________________
Simple sugars
4. Which two functional groups are characteristic of sugars? _____________ & _________
5. What is a monosaccharide? ___________________________________
6. Name two simple sugars. ____________________________________________
7. What is a disaccharide? __________________________________________________
a. Name two common ones _______________ & ________________
Complex carbohydrates
8. What is a polysaccharide? ___________________________________
9. Plants store reserves of sugar in a polysaccharide called ________________________
a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? _______________________
10. Animals store reserves of sugar in a polysaccharide called ________________________
a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? _______________________
11. Name a polysaccharide in plants used for structure and strength. _________________
a. Multiple chains are held together by _______________________ bonds
b. What common substances are made of this carb? _______________________
Here is a structural formula of a glucose molecule. INSERT all the carbon atoms.
1. How many are there? _____________
2. Write the chemical formula for glucose.
___________________________
3.
How is the sugar fructose similar to glucose?
__________________________________
4.
How is it different? ____________________
Honors Biology
Amatuzzi
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells
Lipids p. 40-41
Homework
Name ______________
due ___________
1. Which elements make up lipids? ________________________
2. Name 4 kinds of lipids. _____________________________________
3. Do lipids dissolve in water? _________ why? ________________________________
4. What is the main function of lipids? _____________________________
5. List two other lipid uses. _____________________________________________
6. What does hydrophobic mean? _______________________________
7. Name the two monomers that make up most lipids. ____________________________
8. What is the structure of a triglyceride? _______________________________________
9. What makes a lipid “saturated”? ___________________________________________
10. IF some carbons in a lipid are connected by double bonds, the molecules is called
_______________________________11. Are oils saturated or unsaturated? ________________________
12. Name four vegetable oils.___________________________________
13. Name two solid animal fats. __________________________________
14. Name the lipid monomers pictured here.
Monomer =
Monomer =
Draw a circle around the parts of each monomer where they will bond together.
Name these functional groups. __________________& ____________________
How many of each monomer do I need to make a triglyceride? ______________
Which of the fatty acids below is unsaturated? _____________ How can you tell?
____________________________________________
Honors Biology
Amatuzzi
Chapter 3: Molecules of Cells
Proteins pp. 42-46
Homework
Name ______________
due __________
1. Which elements make up proteins? ________________________________________
2. List 5 functions of proteins. ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Proteins are polymers of which monomer? _______________________________
4. Label the parts of this monomer.
Structure and Function
5. These monomers are joined into polymers by covalent bonds called _______________
6. What is a polypeptide? ________________________________________________
7. How is a protein different from a polypeptide? ____________________________
Protein shape determines its function
8. How many different amino acids exist in nature? __________________________
a. How are they different from each other? ____________________________
9. What is denaturation? _______________________________
Levels of Organization
10. What determines the 3-dimensional structure of a protein?______________________
11. Describe the four levels of protein structure:
a. Primary structure __________________________________________
b. Secondary structure _________________________________________
c. Tertiary structure _____________________________________________
d. 4th level (quarternary) __________________________________
12. This is a space-filling model of the protein lysozyme.
What is its function? _____________________________
Honors Biology
Amatuzzi
Chapter : Molecules of Cells
Nucleic Acids p. 47
Homework
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Name ______________
due ___________
Which elements make up nucleic acids? _____________________________
Name the two types of nucleic acids _______________________________________
How does DNA control the cell? __________________________________________
What is the monomer for nucleic acids? _________________________________
Name the three parts in the monomer. _______________________________________
What are polymers of nucleotides called? ___________________________________
What do these polymers do? ___________________________________________
Label the 3 parts on a nucleotide below.
9. On the figure at right label:
a. the sugar-phosphate backbone
b. nucleotide
c. deoxyribose sugar
d. Phosphate group
e. A Nitrogen base
10. List beside each base the complementary base on the other chain.
11. DNA is two polynucleotide chains held together in the middle by ____________ bonds.
12. How many chains make RNA? ______
13. List two other ways in which RNA differs from DNA. ___________________________
14. How long is a DNA molecule? ________________________________________
15. What is a gene? ________________________________________________
Honors Biology
Amatuzzi
Chapter 5: The Working Cell
Enzymes pp 76-78
Name ______________
Period ____
Homework
due ___________
Enzymes speed up a cell’s chemical reactions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a catalyst? ______________________________________
Why do cells in living things need catalysts for reactions?_______________________What kind of molecule is an enzyme? _____________________________________
How do enzymes speed a reaction?_______________________________________
Enzymes are specific for each reaction
5. Can the same enzyme work on many different molecules? ___________
6. How are enzymes often named? _______________________________
7. What is a substrate? __________________________________
8. What is the active site?_____________________________________
9. How is the action of an enzyme similar to a lock and key? ___________________
10. What is induced fit?___________________________________________________
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
2
Describe the steps in an enzyme-controlled reaction.
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
1
3
4. ______________________________________
Can the enzyme be used more than once? _____
4
11. List three factors that affect the action of an enzyme. __________________________
12. At which temperature do most enzymes work in humans? _____________
13. Most enzymes in the body work at or near pH of _______.
14. What is the advantage of feedback inhibition in a cell? _____________________________