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Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH Review_Unit 2 Biochemistry Basic Chemistry 1. What is an element? 2. What are atoms? 3. What 3 sub particles make up an atom? 4. Where is a neutron found in an atom? 5. What is the charge of a neutron? 6. Where is a proton found in an atom? 7. What is the charge of a proton? 8. Where is an electron found in an atom? 9. What is the charge of an electron? REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 10. The region around a nucleus that electrons travel in is called an: 11. T or F Atoms like to have their outer most energy levels FULL. 12. Fill in the total maximum possible # of electrons for each energy level: Energy Level # of Electrons 1 2 3 13. What are Isotopes? 14. Isotopes are referred to in terms of the combined total of: 15. Define chemical compound: 16. T or F Chemical compounds have new emergent properties not found in the individual elements. 17. List 2 common types of chemical bonds? What happens to the electrons in each chemical bond type? 18. Define Molecule: 19. Define Ion: REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 20. T or F Chemical reactions occur when bonds between compounds are broken or formed 21. T or F Atoms are never created or destroyed 22. T or F Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in the organism. 23. Define Solution (related to chemistry): 24. Give an example of a solution: 25. The pH scale goes from what number to what number? 26. Which pH level is neutral? 27. In which range are acids found? 28. In which range are bases found? 29. Define Acid: 30. Define Base: 31. Sketch an ATP Molecule 32. T or F ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH Biomolecules 33. What is a monomer? 34. T or F things Organic molecules refer to the carbon based molecules found in all living 35. T or F Inorganic molecules refer to non-carbon molecules found in nonliving things 36. List the 4 major classes of organic molecules that living things are primarily made of: 37. List the name of the monomer for each biomolecule and sketch the structure of the monomer. Biomolecule Monomer Basic Structure REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 38. Write out the name for each element symbol below: Element Element Name Symbol C H O N P Carbohydrates 39. What are the elements found in carbohydrates? In what ratio do they occur? 40. Name two categories of simple carbohydrates. Give examples of each: 41. Name the category for complex carbohydrates. Give 3 examples of complex carbohydrates and the use of each. REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 42. What is the monomer for carbohydrates called? 43. Do carbohydrates have polymers? 44. If yes, what is the polymer of carbohydrates called? 45. What main function do carbohydrates provide for living organisms? 46. List 3 common carbohydrates: 47. T or F Carbohydrates break down into monosaccharides Lipids 48. What main elements are found in lipids? 49. Name two categories of fats. Give examples of each: 50. What does it mean to be a saturated fat? 51. What does it mean to be an unsaturated fat? REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 52. Sketch a saturated fat molecule and an unsaturated fat molecule: 53. What is the monomer for lipids called? 54. Do lipids have polymers? 55. If yes, what is the name of the polymer for a lipid? 56. What main function do lipids provide for living organisms? REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 57. What is this a picture of?_____________________________________________ Proteins 58. What are the elements found in Proteins? 59. What is the monomer for proteins called? 60. How many types of amino acids are there? 61. Do proteins have polymers? 62. If yes, what is the name of the polymer for a protein? REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 63. What main functions do proteins provide for living organisms (list at least 5 functions)? 64. T or F Proteins are very diverse in function and shape 65. T or F Proteins have 4 categories of shapes/structures based on complexity (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures) 66. T or F Proteins break down into amino acids REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH Nucleic Acids 67. What are the elements found in Nucleic Acids? 68. What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids called? 69. Sketch the structure of a nucleotide and label the 3 parts (Nitrogen Base, Phosphate Group & Sugar) 70. Do nucleic acids have polymers? 71. If yes, what is the name of the polymer for a nucleic acid? 72. What main functions do nucleic acids provide for living organisms? 73. T or F Nucleic Acids break down into nucleotides. REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH Enzymes 74. Which biomolecules are enzymes made up of? 75. What is the main function of enzymes? 76. T or F All living things require enzymes to stay alive. 77. T or F Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 78. T or F Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction 79. T or F each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job 80. T or F enzymes are named for the reaction they help 81. T or F Enzymes are not changed by the reaction 82. T or F Enzymes are re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules 83. T or F very little enzyme is needed to help in many reactions 84. T or F Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur 85. T or F After the reaction is complete, the substrate has formed a new product or products and the enzyme is released to be reused. 86. T or F The shape of the active site (the “lock”) determines which substrate (which “key”) will “fit” into the enzyme. 87. T or F Enzymes function in a narrow temperature range. 88. T or F Enzymes function in a narrow pH range. 89. T or F an enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity and function. 90. T or F The binding of an inhibitor to an enzyme can stop a substrate from entering the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 91. Define Enzyme: 92. Define Substrate: 93. Define Enzyme-substrate complex: 94. Define Active site: 95. List 4 FACTORS that can affect an ENZYME’S FUNCTION? REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH Water 96. Write the chemical compound for water: 97. Draw a picture of a water molecule and label the Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Also, indicate which part is slightly positive and which is slightly negative. 98. T or F H2O is a NEUTRAL molecule (# of positively charged protons = # of negatively charged electrons) 99. T or F Oxygen in a water molecule attracts most of the electrons toward its end and away from the hydrogen 100. T or F The OXYGEN END of a water molecule acts NEGATIVE, while the HYDROGEN END acts POSITIVE 101. T or F POLARITY is the unequal distribution of charge across the molecule 102. T or F Because of polarity HYDROGEN BONDS form between water molecules 103. Define cohesion: 104. T or F Cohesion produces surface tension REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 105. Define adhesion: 106. T or F Adhesion causes WATER DROPLETS to form 107. T or F Adhesion causes H2O molecules to hold to XYLEM TUBES in plants. This adhesion combined with the cohesive property of water causes the H2O molecules to move upward 108. T or F Water is less dense as a solid 109. T or F When water freezes it forms crystal-like bonds that puts the molecules at fixed distances from each other. 110. T or F The fixed distance in frozen water molecules is further apart than the hydrogen bonds that pull liquid water molecules together. 111. T or F Floating ice insulates lakes so organisms can stay alive during extreme cold weather. NOTE: HEAT OF VAPORIZATION is the energy that must be added to the substance, typically a liquid, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. For water it is (540 Cal/g) 112. T or F Heat of Vaporization/evaporation is measured by the amount of heat energy needed to change 1g of 100oC boiling water to 100oC steam 113. T or F Water has a high heat of vaporization/evaporation 114. T or F Produces EVAPORATIVE COOLING from your body surface as you sweat 115. T or F Water dissolves more substances than any other known substance REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH 116. T or F Water does not dissolve lipids 117. T or F Water provides an AQUEOUS (WATERY) ENVIRONMENT for cells so diffusion and metabolic reactions can take place Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Reactant + Reactant Product(s) 118. What are the 2 main categories for chemical reactions? 119. Draw the pH scale. Label the numbers of the scale. Indicate which number is neutral. Indicate the acid range. Indicate the base range. Indicate which side is more concentrated with OH- and Indicate which side is more concentrated with H+. REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH Info to Study Creating Larger Molecules Anabolic Dehydration Synthesis – 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen (forming H2O) are removed so monomers can bond with each other and create larger molecules. Breaking Molecules Down Into Smaller Parts Catabolic Hydrolysis – adding water helps break apart larger molecules Hydrolysis REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY