Download File - Biology with​Mrs. Ellsworth

Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
Review_Unit 2 Biochemistry
Basic Chemistry
1. What is an element?
2. What are atoms?
3. What 3 sub particles make up an atom?
4. Where is a neutron found in an atom?
5. What is the charge of a neutron?
6. Where is a proton found in an atom?
7. What is the charge of a proton?
8. Where is an electron found in an atom?
9. What is the charge of an electron?
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
10. The region around a nucleus that electrons travel in is called an:
11. T or F
Atoms like to have their outer most energy levels FULL.
12. Fill in the total maximum possible # of electrons for each energy level:
Energy Level
# of Electrons
1
2
3
13. What are Isotopes?
14. Isotopes are referred to in terms of the combined total of:
15. Define chemical compound:
16. T or F
Chemical compounds have new emergent properties not found in the
individual elements.
17. List 2 common types of chemical bonds? What happens to the electrons in each
chemical bond type?
18. Define Molecule:
19. Define Ion:
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
20. T or F
Chemical reactions occur when bonds between compounds are broken or
formed
21. T or F
Atoms are never created or destroyed
22. T or F
Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in the organism.
23. Define Solution (related to chemistry):
24. Give an example of a solution:
25. The pH scale goes from what number to what number?
26. Which pH level is neutral?
27. In which range are acids found?
28. In which range are bases found?
29. Define Acid:
30. Define Base:
31. Sketch an ATP Molecule
32. T or F
ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
Biomolecules
33. What is a monomer?
34. T or F
things
Organic molecules refer to the carbon based molecules found in all living
35. T or F
Inorganic molecules refer to non-carbon molecules found in nonliving things
36. List the 4 major classes of organic molecules that living things are primarily made of:
37. List the name of the monomer for each biomolecule and sketch the structure of the
monomer.
Biomolecule
Monomer
Basic Structure
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
38. Write out the name for each element symbol below:
Element
Element Name
Symbol
C
H
O
N
P
Carbohydrates
39. What are the elements found in carbohydrates? In what ratio do they occur?
40. Name two categories of simple carbohydrates. Give examples of each:
41. Name the category for complex carbohydrates. Give 3 examples of complex
carbohydrates and the use of each.
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
42. What is the monomer for carbohydrates called?
43. Do carbohydrates have polymers?
44. If yes, what is the polymer of carbohydrates called?
45. What main function do carbohydrates provide for living organisms?
46. List 3 common carbohydrates:
47. T or F
Carbohydrates break down into monosaccharides
Lipids
48. What main elements are found in lipids?
49. Name two categories of fats. Give examples of each:
50. What does it mean to be a saturated fat?
51. What does it mean to be an unsaturated fat?
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
52. Sketch a saturated fat molecule and an unsaturated fat molecule:
53. What is the monomer for lipids called?
54. Do lipids have polymers?
55. If yes, what is the name of the polymer for a lipid?
56. What main function do lipids provide for living organisms?
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
57. What is this a picture of?_____________________________________________
Proteins
58. What are the elements found in Proteins?
59. What is the monomer for proteins called?
60. How many types of amino acids are there?
61. Do proteins have polymers?
62. If yes, what is the name of the polymer for a protein?
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
63. What main functions do proteins provide for living organisms (list at least 5
functions)?
64. T or F
Proteins are very diverse in function and shape
65. T or F
Proteins have 4 categories of shapes/structures based on complexity
(primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures)
66. T or F
Proteins break down into amino acids
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
Nucleic Acids
67. What are the elements found in Nucleic Acids?
68. What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids called?
69. Sketch the structure of a nucleotide and label the 3 parts
(Nitrogen Base, Phosphate Group & Sugar)
70. Do nucleic acids have polymers?
71. If yes, what is the name of the polymer for a nucleic acid?
72. What main functions do nucleic acids provide for living organisms?
73. T or F
Nucleic Acids break down into nucleotides.
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
Enzymes
74. Which biomolecules are enzymes made up of?
75. What is the main function of enzymes?
76. T or F
All living things require enzymes to stay alive.
77. T or F
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
78. T or F
Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction
79. T or F
each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job
80. T or F
enzymes are named for the reaction they help
81. T or F
Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
82. T or F
Enzymes are re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules
83. T or F
very little enzyme is needed to help in many reactions
84. T or F
Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur
85. T or F
After the reaction is complete, the substrate has formed a new product or
products and the enzyme is released to be reused.
86. T or F
The shape of the active site (the “lock”) determines which substrate (which
“key”) will “fit” into the enzyme.
87. T or F
Enzymes function in a narrow temperature range.
88. T or F
Enzymes function in a narrow pH range.
89. T or F
an enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its
activity and function.
90. T or F
The binding of an inhibitor to an enzyme can stop a substrate from entering
the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction.
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
91. Define Enzyme:
92. Define Substrate:
93. Define Enzyme-substrate complex:
94. Define Active site:
95. List 4 FACTORS that can affect an ENZYME’S FUNCTION?
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
Water
96. Write the chemical compound for water:
97. Draw a picture of a water molecule and label the Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Also,
indicate which part is slightly positive and which is slightly negative.
98. T or F
H2O is a NEUTRAL molecule (# of positively charged protons = # of negatively
charged electrons)
99. T or F
Oxygen in a water molecule attracts most of the electrons toward its end and
away from the hydrogen
100.
T or F
The OXYGEN END of a water molecule acts NEGATIVE, while the
HYDROGEN END acts POSITIVE
101.
T or F
POLARITY is the unequal distribution of charge across the molecule
102.
T or F
Because of polarity HYDROGEN BONDS form between water
molecules
103.
Define cohesion:
104.
T or F
Cohesion produces surface tension
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
105.
Define adhesion:
106.
T or F
Adhesion causes WATER DROPLETS to form
107.
T or F
Adhesion causes H2O molecules to hold to XYLEM TUBES in plants.
This adhesion combined with the cohesive property of water causes
the H2O molecules to move upward
108.
T or F
Water is less dense as a solid
109.
T or F
When water freezes it forms crystal-like bonds that puts the
molecules at fixed distances from each other.
110.
T or F
The fixed distance in frozen water molecules is further apart than the
hydrogen bonds that pull liquid water molecules together.
111.
T or F
Floating ice insulates lakes so organisms can stay alive during extreme
cold weather.
NOTE:
HEAT OF VAPORIZATION is the energy that must be added to the substance, typically a
liquid, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. For water it is (540 Cal/g)
112.
T or F
Heat of Vaporization/evaporation is measured by the amount of heat
energy needed to change 1g of 100oC boiling water to 100oC steam
113.
T or F
Water has a high heat of vaporization/evaporation
114.
T or F
Produces EVAPORATIVE COOLING from your body surface as you
sweat
115.
T or F
Water dissolves more substances than any other known substance
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
116.
T or F
Water does not dissolve lipids
117.
T or F
Water provides an AQUEOUS (WATERY) ENVIRONMENT for cells so
diffusion and metabolic reactions can take place
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations
Reactant + Reactant  Product(s)
118.
What are the 2 main categories for chemical reactions?
119.
Draw the pH scale.
 Label the numbers of the scale.
 Indicate which number is neutral.
 Indicate the acid range.
 Indicate the base range.
 Indicate which side is more concentrated with OH- and
 Indicate which side is more concentrated with H+.
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY
Name:________________________________Period:______T-TH
Info to Study
Creating Larger Molecules
Anabolic
Dehydration Synthesis – 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen
(forming H2O) are removed so monomers can
bond with each other and create larger molecules.
Breaking Molecules Down Into Smaller Parts
Catabolic
Hydrolysis – adding water helps break apart larger
molecules
Hydrolysis
REVIEW_UNIT 2_BIOCHEMISTRY