* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Honors Biology - Northern Highlands
Multi-state modeling of biomolecules wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Protein moonlighting wikipedia , lookup
Protein adsorption wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Circular dichroism wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Honors Biology Amatuzzi Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells Carbohydrates pp. 37-39 Homework Name ______________ due ___________ 1. Which elements make up carbohydrates? __________________________________ a. In which ratio? ____________________________________ 2. How do living things use most of their carbohydrates? ___________________________ 3. Name the life process that releases energy from food molecules ___________________ Simple sugars 4. Which two functional groups are characteristic of sugars? _____________ & _________ 5. What is a monosaccharide? ___________________________________ 6. Name two simple sugars. ____________________________________________ 7. What is a disaccharide? __________________________________________________ a. Name two common ones _______________ & ________________ Complex carbohydrates 8. What is a polysaccharide? ___________________________________ 9. Plants store reserves of sugar in a polysaccharide called ________________________ a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? _______________________ 10. Animals store reserves of sugar in a polysaccharide called ________________________ a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? _______________________ 11. Name a polysaccharide in plants used for structure and strength. _________________ a. Multiple chains are held together by _______________________ bonds b. What common substances are made of this carb? _______________________ Here is a structural formula of a glucose molecule. INSERT all the carbon atoms. 1. How many are there? _____________ 2. Write the chemical formula for glucose. ___________________________ 3. How is the sugar fructose similar to glucose? __________________________________ 4. How is it different? ____________________ Honors Biology Amatuzzi Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells Lipids p. 40-41 Homework Name ______________ due ___________ 1. Which elements make up lipids? ________________________ 2. Name 4 kinds of lipids. _____________________________________ 3. Do lipids dissolve in water? _________ why? ________________________________ 4. What is the main function of lipids? _____________________________ 5. List two other lipid uses. _____________________________________________ 6. What does hydrophobic mean? _______________________________ 7. Name the two monomers that make up most lipids. ____________________________ 8. What is the structure of a triglyceride? _______________________________________ 9. What makes a lipid “saturated”? ___________________________________________ 10. IF some carbons in a lipid are connected by double bonds, the molecules is called _______________________________11. Are oils saturated or unsaturated? ________________________ 12. Name four vegetable oils.___________________________________ 13. Name two solid animal fats. __________________________________ 14. Name the lipid monomers pictured here. Monomer = Monomer = Draw a circle around the parts of each monomer where they will bond together. Name these functional groups. __________________& ____________________ How many of each monomer do I need to make a triglyceride? ______________ Which of the fatty acids below is unsaturated? _____________ How can you tell? ____________________________________________ Honors Biology Amatuzzi Chapter 3: Molecules of Cells Proteins pp. 42-46 Homework Name ______________ due __________ 1. Which elements make up proteins? ________________________________________ 2. List 5 functions of proteins. ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Proteins are polymers of which monomer? _______________________________ 4. Label the parts of this monomer. Structure and Function 5. These monomers are joined into polymers by covalent bonds called _______________ 6. What is a polypeptide? ________________________________________________ 7. How is a protein different from a polypeptide? ____________________________ Protein shape determines its function 8. How many different amino acids exist in nature? __________________________ a. How are they different from each other? ____________________________ 9. What is denaturation? _______________________________ Levels of Organization 10. What determines the 3-dimensional structure of a protein?______________________ 11. Describe the four levels of protein structure: a. Primary structure __________________________________________ b. Secondary structure _________________________________________ c. Tertiary structure _____________________________________________ d. 4th level (quarternary) __________________________________ 12. This is a space-filling model of the protein lysozyme. What is its function? _____________________________ Honors Biology Amatuzzi Chapter : Molecules of Cells Nucleic Acids p. 47 Homework 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Name ______________ due ___________ Which elements make up nucleic acids? _____________________________ Name the two types of nucleic acids _______________________________________ How does DNA control the cell? __________________________________________ What is the monomer for nucleic acids? _________________________________ Name the three parts in the monomer. _______________________________________ What are polymers of nucleotides called? ___________________________________ What do these polymers do? ___________________________________________ Label the 3 parts on a nucleotide below. 9. On the figure at right label: a. the sugar-phosphate backbone b. nucleotide c. deoxyribose sugar d. Phosphate group e. A Nitrogen base 10. List beside each base the complementary base on the other chain. 11. DNA is two polynucleotide chains held together in the middle by ____________ bonds. 12. How many chains make RNA? ______ 13. List two other ways in which RNA differs from DNA. ___________________________ 14. How long is a DNA molecule? ________________________________________ 15. What is a gene? ________________________________________________ Honors Biology Amatuzzi Chapter 5: The Working Cell Enzymes pp 76-78 Name ______________ Period ____ Homework due ___________ Enzymes speed up a cell’s chemical reactions 1. 2. 3. 4. What is a catalyst? ______________________________________ Why do cells in living things need catalysts for reactions?_______________________What kind of molecule is an enzyme? _____________________________________ How do enzymes speed a reaction?_______________________________________ Enzymes are specific for each reaction 5. Can the same enzyme work on many different molecules? ___________ 6. How are enzymes often named? _______________________________ 7. What is a substrate? __________________________________ 8. What is the active site?_____________________________________ 9. How is the action of an enzyme similar to a lock and key? ___________________ 10. What is induced fit?___________________________________________________ Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity 2 Describe the steps in an enzyme-controlled reaction. 1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________ 1 3 4. ______________________________________ Can the enzyme be used more than once? _____ 4 11. List three factors that affect the action of an enzyme. __________________________ 12. At which temperature do most enzymes work in humans? _____________ 13. Most enzymes in the body work at or near pH of _______. 14. What is the advantage of feedback inhibition in a cell? _____________________________