Download organic compounds - Bibb County Schools

BIOMOLECULES
Biologically Important
Molecules
 Biomolecules
biologically
important
molecules.
are
DEFINITIONS
 Biomolecules
are molecules found in
living things.
 Biomolecules are also called
 organic
compounds because they contain
the element carbon and
 macromolecules because they are large
molecules.
DEFINITIONS CONT’D
 Monomer
– one unit
 Polymer – many repeating units
THE FOUR BIOMOLECULES
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Lipids
 Nucleic
acids
CARBOHYDRATES
 Monomer: monosaccharide
(glucose)
 Polymers: disaccharide (sucrose)
polysaccharide (starch, cellulose)
 Function: store energy, building blocks for
other molecules
 Found in: potatoes, bread, fruit, vegetables,
soda
Carbohydrate Monomer - Glucose
PROTEINS
 Monomer: amino
acid (20)
 Polymer: Polypeptide
 Functions: form bones and muscle,
transport substances into and out of the
cell, movement, protection against
disease, to speed up chemical reactions
 Found in: meat, legumes, nuts, diary
products
Protein Monomer – Amino Acid
LIPIDS
 Monomers: Glycerol
plus fatty acids
 Polymers: Fats, waxes, oils, steroids
 Functions: stores large amounts of energy,
provides insulation, solubility of fats, and
waterproofing
 Found in: red meat, cheese, dairy, potato
chips
Glycerol
Fatty acid
Lipid Monomer – Glycerol + fatty acids
NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Monomer: nucleotide
 Polymer: DNA
and RNA
 Function: carries hereditary information
(DNA), carries the instructions for the
making of proteins (RNA)
 Found in: all cells
Nucleic Acid Monomer -Nucleotide
DNA
RNA
Enzymes
ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS
 Chemical
reactions break and form in
reactants to form new bonds in
products.
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
 Enzymes are proteins that speed up
chemical reactions by lowering the
energy needed to get the reaction
started (activation energy).
ENZYMES LOWER ACTIVATION
ENERGY
ENZYMES
The shape of the enzyme must match the
shape of the substrate in order for the
enzyme to work, like a key must fit a lock.
ENZYMES
No longer a
lock and key
fit.
A
change in pH or high temperatures
will change the shape of the enzyme,
which causes the enzyme not to work.
LIFE WITHOUT ENZYMES
Without enzymes, chemical reactions in
living things would occur too slowly.
Living things would die without them.