Download genetics heredity test ANSWERS

Unit Test – Heredity and Genetics
ANSWERS
Put the number corresponding to the best answer from page 3 next to the statements below.
There are 50 questions, each worth 2 points. Answers are only used once.
14
Normal cell division in somatic cells (all cells except sex cells) that produces cells with the same
genetic material (2n) as parent cells
13
Cell division in reproductive (sex) cells that produces cells with half the genetic information (1n)
of parent cells
2
Parent and offspring are genetically identical
1
Half the genetic material is from one parent and half from another
36
Number of base pairs in the human genome
38
Number of nucleotide bases in a protein made up of 7 amino acids
37
Number of known amino acids
35
Number of genes in the human genome
39
Number of chromosomes in human gametes
28
Pairs with Thymine
29
Pairs with Guanine
27
RNA base
45
DNA compliment of A-A-G-C-T-G-A
34
RNA copy of A-A-G-C-T-G-A
3
Unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and codes for the inherited
trait
5
Alternate forms of the same gene (genes that code for the same trait)
9
Hemophilia is an example, so is type ‘O’ blood, so is light eyes
8
Gene that determines the phenotype of a trait
25
HH
24
Hh
6
What you see (the observable physical characteristics of an organism)
17
What you’ve got (specific set of alleles)
4
The passing of genes from parents to offspring
43
Diagram of family relationships
33
Cells in the body which contain a complete copy of an organism’s DNA
32
An undifferentiated cell with the ability to divide and to give rise to different types of specialized
cells
21
The only cells in the human body that are not nucleated
31
A cluster of cells that are growing and dividing
44
A change in DNA
30
A living thing genetically identical to another living thing
10
A trait that is carried only on the X-chromosome
18
Crossing of gametes (sex cells) from 2 parents
15
Product of meiosis
16
1n
7
2n
41
Male gamete
42
Female gamete
12
Chromosome pair that determines male gender
11
Chromosome pair that determines a female gender
19
Molecule that stores information (i.e., the genetic code)
20
Molecule that translates the genetic code of DNA to make proteins
26
Molecules that line in sequence along the strands of DNA and bond the 2 strands together
22
Molecule formed from 3 nucleotide bases in sequence along DNA
23
Macro-molecule comprised of amino acids
40
What geneticists call 3 base sequences
47
Likelihood that a Bb x Bb cross will produce homozygous recessive offspring
50
Likelihood that a BB x bb cross will produce heterozygous offspring
48
Likelihood that a Bb x bb cross will produce homozygous recessive offspring
46
Likelihood that a cross between a homozygous recessive individual with a homozygous
dominant individual will produce offspring expressing the recessive phenotype
49
Likelihood that a cross between 2 heterozygous parents will produce offspring expressing the
dominant phenotype.
Extra Credit (5 pts each):
Name the 5 elements (different types of atoms) that make up nucleotide bases in DNA
(1 point each for a possible total of 5 points).
Do not just write the letters – you must write the name of each.
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
How many base triplets (codons) are in the human genome?
(That is, how many combinations of 3 letters can you make from 4 letters, A, C, T, G ?)
You must show your work to get credit.
43 = 64
Calculate the average the number of codons (3 base sequences) per gene in the human genome.
Hint: there are 3,000,000,000 base pairs and 26,000 genes in the human genome. You will need these 2
numbers and 2 others to make the calculation.
(3,000,000,000 base pairs/genome) * (2 bases/pair) / (3 bases/codon) / (26,000 genes/genome)
= 76,932 codons/genome