Download Biol120 Mock Final Examination (v2.0)

The Biol120 Peer Mentors and the University Learning Centre Present:
Biol120 Mock Final Examination (v2.0)
Friday, April 10th, 2015
Time: 1:00 – 1:50pm (50 minutes)
Location: ARTS 146
Important note: This mock final exam was written by your Biology 120 Peer Mentors, not your
professors! It is designed to help you test yourself on topics and concepts covered in class
but should not be considered an exact preview of the final exam.
These are additional questions to help aid your studying. We hope you can make good use of
them!
1. When fermentation occurs in animals, pyruvate is converted to ______, but when it occurs
in yeasts, pyruvate is converted to _____.
a) alcohol, lactate
b) acetyl-CoA, alcohol
c) lactate, alcohol
d) alcohol, alcohol
2. In what stage does crossing over occur in meiosis
a) Metaphase II
b) Anaphase I
c) Prophase I
d) Telophase II
3. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental mechanism of enzyme action?
a) Bringing the reactant molecules together
b) Etherification of the ligand
c) Exposing the reactant molecule to altered charge environments
d) Changing the shape of the substrate molecule
4. Which of the following is a reason why Mendel used Pea plants as a model organism
when conducting research on genetics?
a) Easily identified morphological traits
b) When crossing heterozygous peas a variety of phenotypes can be produced
c) He could grow them in his garden
d) All of the above
5. The plant cell wall is primarily made of ______ and the exoskeleton of an insect is largely
made of _____:
a) Chitin, cellulose
b) Cellulose, chitin
c) Chitin, proteins
d) Cellulose, proteins
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 6. The mutation responsible for sickle-cell anemia involves a mutation in the gene for one of
the hemoglobin polypeptides altering a codon enough to specify a different amino acid,
thus resulting in an encoded polypeptide that differs by one amino acid than what is in the
normal polypeptide. This kind of mutation is a:
a) silent mutation
b) frameshift mutation
c) cellular mutation
d) missense mutation
7. An amoeba traps its prey in a vesicle before digesting it. This process is known as:
a) Exocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Phagocytosis
d) Autophagy
8. Which of the following concerning Photosynthesis and/or Cellular Respiration are
incorrectly matched?
a) Cellular Respiration products: H2O and CO2
b) Photosynthesis products: O2 and Sugars
c) Cellular Respiration reactants: Glucose and ATP
d) Photosynthesis reactants: H2O and CO2
9. DNA polymerase works by
a) Adding a nucleotide diphosphate to the 3’ end of a DNA primer made by primase.
b) Adding a nucleotide triphosphate to the 5’ end of a DNA primer made by primase.
c) Adding a nucleotide triphosphate to the 3’ end of an RNA primer made by primase.
d) Adding a nucleotide triphosphate to the 5’ end of an RNA primer made by primase.
10. Which statement is incorrect about the citric acid cycle
a) Oxygen and hydrogen produce water
b) Through a series of metabolic intermediates the energy in chemical bonds is
released and harnessed as ATP, NADH and FADH2
c) Electrons move to progressively higher energy states, caused by protons (H+)
moving across the mitochondrial membrane
d) Protons move down their electrochemical gradient, driving ATP synthesis
11. Prokaryotic genomes can be 1/1000 the size of eukaryotic genomes. What have
eukaryotes developed to increase the speed of replication
a) increase the enzyme concentration of DNA polymerase
b) increase the temperature to make DNA more accessible
c) Add more origins of replication
d) Have linear DNA instead of circular
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 12. Sickle cell disease is said to be a(n) ____________ disorder
a) Epistatic
b) A sex-linked
c) Pleiotropic
d) Pigmentation
13. What is the final product of the Calvin Cycle and how would you classify that set of
reactions (energetically)?
a) carbohydrate; endergonic
b) CO2; exergonic
c) carbohydrate; exergonic
d) CO2; endergonic
14. Which series describes the structure of nucleic acids and their packaging in the cell from
simplest unit to most complex?
a) Chromosome, DNA Helix, Nucleotide
b) Nucleotide, Chromosome, DNA Helix
c) Nucleotide, DNA Helix, Chromosome
d) DNA Helix, Chromosome, Nucleotide
15. The plasma membrane consists of:
a) a phospholipid bilayer
b) embedded proteins
c) cholesterol
d) all of the above
16. Of the following, which is not a difference between NADH and NADPH
a) NADPH contains an extra phosphate group
b) NADH is only found in animals.
c) NADPH is associated with photosynthesis, not respiration
d) all of the above
17. ATP Synthase…
a) Directly synthesizes ATP by movement of protons against a concentration gradient
b) Directly synthesizes ATP by movement of protons down a concentration gradient
c) Directly synthesizes ATP by movement of electrons from NADH against a
concentration gradient
d) Directly synthesizes ATP by movement of electrons from NADH down a
concentration gradient
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 18. Rubisco catalyzes _________ and is vital because ______________.
a) Nitrogen fixation; it provides the source of organic carbon molecules for most of the
world’s organisms.
b) The fixation of CO2; it provides the source of organic carbon molecules for most of
the world’s organisms.
c) Phosphorylation of ADP; synthesizes ATP
d) None of the above
19. In eukaryotes, the nucleus ___________:
a) stores most of the cell's genetic material in the form of linear DNA
b) allows for transport of material in and out of its nuclear envelope through many small
pores
c) may contain a structure called a nucleolus
d) all of the above
20. Production of one molecule of 3-phosphglyceraldehyde requires how many CO2
molecules to be fixed by Rubisco?
a) 3
b) 1
c) 6
d) None of the above
21. According to Mendel’s laws, in a monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant and
a homozygous recessive individual the expected phenotype ratio of a cross between two
F1 individuals would be:
a) 9:3:3:1
b) 3:1
c) 9:3:4
d) 1:1
22. During the analysis of a large pedigree, you find that there is little to no difference
between the number of males and females that have a disease, what can you conclude?
a) It is likely caused by an allele found on an autosomal chromosome
b) It is likely caused by an allele found on either an autosomal or sex linked
chromosome
c) It is likely caused by an allele found on a sex chromosome
d) It is likely caused by a dominant Y-chromosome located allele
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 23. If DNA replication followed the dispersive theory of replication (ie. not conservative or
semiconservative), the hypothetical result would be:
a) Two DNA helices, one helix composed of newly synthesized strands and one
composed of the old parental strands.
b) Two DNA helices, each helix with one parental strand and one newly synthesized
daughter strand.
c) Two DNA helices, each helix with mixed segments of the parental DNA and newly
synthesized DNA in both strands.
d) One DNA helix of parental strands and one newly synthesized mRNA strand.
24. What role does oxygen play during cell respiration
a) accepts electrons during glycolysis
b) donates electrons during oxidative phosphorylation
c) accepts electrons during oxidative phosphorylation
d) accepts carbon to create CO2 in Krebs’ cycle
25. What is the fate of electrons in a pigment being raised to a higher energy level or excited
state?
a) Energy loss to environment
b) Transfer of energy
c) Oxidation of the pigment
d) All of the above
26. The alleles for flower colour and stem length segregate together. 43% of the offspring
have red flowers and a long stem, 43% have white flowers and a short stem, 7% have red
flowers and a short stem, and 7% white flowers and a long stem. Which phenotypes are
the parental phenotypes?
a) Red flowers and long stem, and white flowers and short stem
b) Red flowers and long stem, and white flowers and long stem
c) White flowers and short stem, and white flowers and long stem
d) None of the above
27. From the above question, how far apart are the genes on the chromosome?
a) 43 map units
b) 14 map units
c) 86 map units
d) 7 map units
28. Why is glucose an excellent fuel molecule?
a) It is found in many foods that we eat.
b) It is strongly electronegative.
c) It is an unbranched chain.
d) Electrons are easily removed from it.
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 29. The gametes produced by a diploid organism are:
a) diploid
b) haploid
c) produced by mitosis
d) only produced in animals
30. NADH is the __________ form of an electron carrier, while NAD+ is the __________ form.
a) Reduced, oxidized.
b) Neutral, positive.
c) Oxidized, reduced.
d) Organic, inorganic.
31. The Calvin cycle is also known as the light independent reactions. This is a misleading
name since the Calvin cycle will stop if a plant is placed in the dark for too long. Why
would this cycle stop?
a) Because the Calvin cycle converts light energy to chemical energy using an electron
transport chain and thus requires light to function
b) Because the enzyme Rubisco requires light to function
c) Because the plant is unable to find CO2 when it is dark
d) The Calvin cycle requires a constant supply of ATP and NADPH generated by the
light reactions
32. How would a cell transport a protein through its membrane?
a) Endocytosis or exocytosis
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Active transport
d) It depends on the polarity, charge, and size of the protein
33. A cell’s DNA has multiple origins of replication (ori sites). The cell is most likely:
a) Prokaryotic
b) Eukaryotic
c) Both A or B
d) None of the above; no organism can have multiple ori sites.
34. Light is required for the light dependent reactions because:
a) It is the source for electrons
b) It splits the water molecule
c) It energizes electrons in the reaction center
d) None of the above
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 35. There are 4 alleles for a given gene within a population of snowy owls. If an individual is
heterozygous for that gene, how many alleles for that gene will be present in each of their
gametes?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
36. The term gene expression refers to the
a) the flow of information through generations
b) the fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes.
c) the fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes.
d) the process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.
37. During the first phase of the Calvin Cycle, carbon dioxide is incorporated into ribulose
bisphosphate by
a) oxaloacetate
b) G3P
c) cytochrome oxidase
d) rubisco
38. What components must assemble at the start codon of an mRNA for translation initiation
to be complete and elongation ready to start?
a) Methionine amino-acyl tRNA
b) A ribosome, both large and small subunits, and a methionine amino-acyl tRNA
c) A ribosome, both large a small subunits
d) A ribosome, both large and small subunits, and a cysteine amino-acyl tRNA
39. During cellular respiration, by the end of the citric acid cycle, the six carbons from glucose
(used in glycolysis) have all been:
a) Lost from the cell
b) Converted to two three-carbon pyruvate molecules
c) Converted to CO2
d) Used to make acetyl-CoA
40. Which of the following is NOT a product of the light dependent reactions of
photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) ATP
c) NADPH
d) Glucose
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 41. Which of the following statements is incorrect:
a) Mendel’s findings were not acknowledged until after his death.
b) Polygenic inheritance is where one gene affects more than one phenotype of an
organism.
c) Many genes may have multiple alleles when considering individuals in a population.
d) All of the following are correct.
42. How do enzymes catalyze reactions?
a) By lowering the activation energy
b) By increasing substrate concentration
c) By lowering substrate concentration
d) By contributing energy to the reaction
43. Why is sugar oxidized in many small steps rather than burned all at once?
a) To release more heat energy
b) To transfer energy to other molecules
c) To make the reaction become exergonic
d) To increase the change in free energy
44. A non-functional allele for the gene for LDL receptor production is known to be
incompletely dominant. If you cross two flies, one homozygous dominant and one
homozygous recessive, and test their offspring, they will it have:
a) Normal LDL receptor production
b) Reduced LDL receptor production
c) Severely reduced LDL receptor production
d) No idea
45. What are the 2 mechanisms that mitotic spindles use to move chromosomes?
a) Spindle mid-point and kinetochore microtubules
b) Non-kinetochore microtubules and kinetochore microtubules
c) Hormones and centromere
d) None of the above
46. The Calvin cycle requires each of the following inputs EXCEPT:
a) ATP
b) O2
c) CO2
d) NADPH
47. The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ____________:
a) is where the cell synthesizes proteins.
b) stores genetic material in the form of RNA.
c) is the site of lipid synthesis in the cell.
d) contains hydrolytic enzymes which digests old cellular parts.
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, 48. Immediately following the Citric Acid Cycle in cellular respiration, all of the carbon atoms
present in the original glucose molecule have:
a) been used to form a lipid molecule
b) become part of a new ATP molecule
c) been released as carbon dioxide
d) been freed into the cytosol as Carbon ions
49. What modifications must occur during mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells to achieve a
mature mRNA that is ready for translation?
a) Addition of a polyadenosine tail
b) Addition of 5’ methyl guanine cap
c) Splicing out of any introns and ligation of exons
d) All of the above
50. Which of the following does NOT correctly describe microtubules?
a) made of actin dimers
b) associates with the motor proteins Dynein and Kinesin
c) form the centrioles in animal cells
d) is the largest in size of the eukaryotic cytoskeletal components
The end!
Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss, ANSWERS:
1. c 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. b 11. c 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. d 16. b 17. b 18. b 19. d 20. a 21. b 22. a 23. c 24. c 25. d 26. a 27. b 28. d 29. b 30. a 31. d 32. a 33. b 34. c 35. a 36. d 37. d 38. b 39. c 40. d 41. b 42. a 43. b 44. b 45. b 46. b 47. c 48. c 49. d 50. a Questions and answers for this mock exam will be posted after today’s event http://www.usask.ca/ulc/sss,