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Transcript
Domains Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 27 Bacteria Small, no nucleus, circular chromosome, peptidoglycan cell wall. 1. Morphology: Cocci, Bacilli, Vibrio, Spirilla, Spirochetes. 2. Peptidoglycan, Gram+/-, Glycocalyx 3. Endospores 4. Flagella 5. Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction 6. Aerobic/anaerobic respiration 7. Symbiosis Achraea Prehistoric Extremophiles: 1. Thermophiles (Archaea) 2. Barophiles 3. Halophiles 4. Acidophiles 5. Methanogens (Archaea) Bacteria Smaller than Eukaryotes No Nucleus Circular vs Linear Chromosome(s) No Membrane-Bound Organelles No Membrane-Bound Organelles Reproduction SPECIES? Cell Wall a. Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) b. Two cell membranes (periplasmic space) MORPHOLOGY Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Staphylococcus Aureus Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Streptococcus mutans Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Bacillus anthracis Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Lactobacillus acidophilus Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Clostridium botulinum Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Clostridium botulinum Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Clostridium tetani Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Vibrio cholerae Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Helicobacter pylori Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Treponema pallidum Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Cell Shape • Round: Coccus • Rod: Bacillus • Comma: Vibrio • Spirillum • Spirochete Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan Glycocalyx (Slime Layer) Toxins Endotoxins: Part of the outer membrane of Gram- bacteria. Released if bacteria dies and falls apart! (ie-LPS, septic shock) Endotoxins: toxins produced by bacteria and exported into the environment. (ie-BOTOX) Clostridium botulinum Endospores (starvation) Endospores (starvation) ANTHRAX Motility: Flagellum Motility: Flagellum • • • • Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous Peritrichous Adhesion: Fimbria (Fimbriae) Adhesion: Pilus Genetics: Haploid, Circular Genetics: Plasmids, R Factors Genetics: Conjugation, F+, Hfr Genetics: Conjugation, F+, Hfr Genetics: Conjugation, F+, Hfr Genetics: Transduction Genetics: Transformation Passive uptake of DNA • Linear DNA (‘homologous recombination’) • Plasmid DNA Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration Metabolism: Anerobic Respiration Metabolism: • Obligate Aerobes • Facultative Anaerobes • Obligate Anaerobes (pathogens) Extremophiles: • • • • • Thermophiles Barophiles Halophiles Acidophiles Methanogens Archaea: • • • • • Thermophiles Barophiles Halophiles Acidophiles Methanogens Archaea: • • • • • Thermophiles Barophiles Halophiles Acidophiles Methanogens Symbiosis: • Biofilms (S. mutans) • Mutualism (E. coli, Vitamin K, nitrogen fixation) • Commensualism (S. aureus) • Parasitism (V. cholerae) Summary • Smaller, older than Eukaryotes • Divide very fast (prolific) • Single, circular x-some, no nucleus, gene transfer. • Classification by morphology • Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration (products) • Symbionts Summary • Smaller, older than Eukaryotes • Divide very fast (prolific) • Single, circular x-some, no nucleus, gene transfer. • Classification by morphology • Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration (products) • Symbionts Summary Exercises! After the break Match the Microbe a. b. c. d. e. f. Bacillus anthracis j. Treponema pallidum Clostridium botulinum k. Vibrio cholera Clostridium tetani Escherichia coli Helicobacter pylori Lactobacillus acidophilus g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae h. Staphylococcus aureus i. Streptococcus mutans Match to the definition a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. Bacillus Bacteriophage Coccus Conjugation Endospore Endotoxin Exotoxin Fimbria Flagellum LPS Peptidoglycan l. Pilus m. Plasmid n. Vibrio o. Spirillum p. Spirochete q. Staphylo r. Strepto s. Transduction t. Transformation Match to the definition a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Acidophile Aerobic Amphitrichous Anaerobic Barophile Commensualism Fermentation Halophile Lophotrichous j. Monotrichous k. Mutualism l. Obligate aerobe m. Obligate anaerobe n. Parastism o. Peritrichous p. Thermophile Quiz Questions • • • • Name for a round bacterium. Name for a rod-shaped bacterium. Name for a comma-shaped bacterium. Name for a spiral shaped bacterium with many bends. • Name for a spiral shaped bacterium with only a few bends. • Name for a cluster of round bacteria. Quiz Questions • Name for a chain of round bacteria. • Gram Stain term used to describe a bacterium with a thick cell wall. • Name for a type of symbiosis where both the symbiont and the host benefit. • Name for a type of symbiosis where the symbiont benefits the host doesn’t. • Name for a long, whip-like tail that bacteria use to swim. Quiz Questions • Name for a small, circular piece of DNA that bacteria use as an ‘accessory chromosome.’ • Term used to describe a type of energy generation that consumes oxygen. • Term used to describe a type of energy generation that does not consume oxygen.