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Facts About Cells and Cell Function Prokaryote Cell- smallest unit of life, organisms can be one cell or many cells Cell Types Prokaryote- no nucleus, DNA is in the cytoplasm no organelles with membranes, simple ex: bacteria Eukaryote- cells have a nucleus with DNA inside, has organelles with membranes, complex ex: plants, protists, fungi, animals Cell Organelle Function Cell Membrane surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out of cell Cytoplasm liquid part of cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane Nucleus controls cell activities, contain the DNA or genetic code Nucleolus located in the nucleus, makes ribosomes Chloroplast converts carbon and other elements into sugars use the sun’s energy Mitochondrion converts sugar into ATP for use by cells Lysosome contains strong enzymes that break down old molecules Vacuole large sac which holds water or food, mainly in plants Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum folded membranes that provide an area for ribosomes to make proteins Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum folded membranes with no ribosomes which make lipds Cell Wall protective outer covering in cells, not found in animal cells Eukaryotes Ribosomes Are Special: No Membranes Ribosomes have no membrane, site where protein synthesis occurs. Cell Processes Cells in Which Cells are Involved Energy Conversions All cells must have energy to survive and use photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Molecular Transport Cells transport molecules in and out by diffusion and osmosis. Protein Synthesis Through transcription and translation the major function of cells is to make proteins. Cell Growth Using mitosis cells make identical cells to replace dead cells and to grow larger. Reproduction For the survival of the species organisms must reproduce. Some use meiosis. Homeostasis Cell must maintain system balance within certain limits in order to survive. Cell Theory 1. Cells are the basic units of life. 2. All organisms have cells. 3. Cell only come from living cells.