Download Cell Facts - Galena Park ISD Moodle

Facts About Cells and Cell Function
Prokaryote
Cell- smallest unit of life, organisms can be one cell
or many cells
Cell Types
Prokaryote- no nucleus, DNA is in the cytoplasm
no organelles with membranes, simple
ex: bacteria
Eukaryote- cells have a nucleus with DNA inside, has
organelles with membranes, complex
ex: plants, protists, fungi, animals
Cell Organelle
Function
Cell Membrane
surrounds the cell and controls what
goes in and out of cell
Cytoplasm
liquid part of cell between the
nucleus and the cell membrane
Nucleus
controls cell activities, contain the
DNA or genetic code
Nucleolus
located in the nucleus, makes ribosomes
Chloroplast
converts carbon and other elements
into sugars use the sun’s energy
Mitochondrion
converts sugar into ATP for use by
cells
Lysosome
contains strong enzymes that break
down old molecules
Vacuole
large sac which holds water or food,
mainly in plants
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
folded membranes that provide an
area for ribosomes to make proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
folded membranes with no ribosomes which make lipds
Cell Wall
protective outer covering in cells,
not found in animal cells
Eukaryotes
Ribosomes Are Special: No
Membranes
Ribosomes have no membrane, site where
protein synthesis occurs.
Cell Processes Cells in
Which Cells are Involved
Energy Conversions
All cells must have energy to survive and use
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Molecular Transport
Cells transport molecules in and
out by diffusion and osmosis.
Protein Synthesis
Through transcription and translation the major function of cells is to make proteins.
Cell Growth
Using mitosis cells make identical cells to
replace dead cells and to grow larger.
Reproduction
For the survival of the species organisms
must reproduce. Some use meiosis.
Homeostasis
Cell must maintain system balance within
certain limits in order to survive.
Cell Theory
1. Cells are the basic units of life.
2. All organisms have cells.
3. Cell only come from living cells.