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Download Diversity of Life: a little background Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
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Transcript
Cells and Cell Processes Notes Diversity of Life: a little background • • Diversity arises by evolutionary change leading to the present biodiversity we see. Life is divided into three Domains: 1. Bacteria- single celled prokaryotes (no nucleus) 2. Archaea- single celled prokaryotes (no nucleus) 3. Eukarya- plants, animals, fungi, and protists (membrane bound organelles) Bacteria _____________________, mostly heterotrophic, live in all sorts of environments Largest group of organisms on Earth Only a small amount are disease causing Most have very important roles: ______________________, such as cyanobacteria _______________________: decomposers that break down dead material. _____________________: they have a relationship with other organisms (bacteria in your gut). Archaea Most recent domain, 1970’s __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ Vast difference in genetic and biochemical make-up from other bacterium. Live in extreme environments Hot springs, hydrothermal vents, extremely acidic or alkaline water, anoxic mud swamps, petroleum deposits, and the digestive tracts of cows, termites, and marine life where they produce methane. Eukarya ____________________= have a nucleus, are unicellular and multicellular 1. Kingdom Protista: unicellular eukaryotes, multicellular algae (dinoflagellates, diatoms, etc) 2. Kingdom Plantae: have cell walls, cellulose, and obtain energy through photosynthesis. 3. Kingdom Fungi: Cell walls are made of chitin, obtain energy by secreting enzyme and absorb the products they release. 4. Kingdom Animalia- no cell walls, obtain energy by ingesting other organisms. 6 Cells and Cell Processes Notes Three parts of the cell theory Zacharias Janssen- Late 1500’s Robert Hooke- 1665 Anton van Leeuwenhoek-1674 History of the Cell Theory Virchow- 1855 Schwann- 1839 7 Schleiden-1838 Cells and Cell Processes Notes Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic How are they alike? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ How are they different? ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ Divided into groups based on their need for oxygen: Obligate anaerobes- cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. Obligate aerobes- need oxygen to survive Facultative aerobe- can survive whether or not oxygen is present. 8 Cells and Cell Processes Notes Structure Function Pili Flagellum Ribosomes DNA / Nucleoid Cytoplasm Cell Wall Cell Membrane 9 Cells and Cell Processes Notes Benefits of Bacteria _________________________ to humans and animals, especially in digestion. Bacteria form a symbiotic relationship called mutualism, where both the host and bacteria benefit. The bacteria has a home and obtains food from the host, while at the same time the bacteria helps the host by breaking down food, as well as absorbing nutrients. _________________________________________- some produce oxygen, while others help cycle carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus throughout the environment. ________________________________________- living things break down pollutants. Some bacteria can digest oil= clean up oil spills. Bacterial diseases Can attack the cells in tissues. Ex - Tuberculosis / TB, is caused by a bacteria that invades the lungs and uses the tissues for nutrients Can make poisons called toxins Blood carries it to other parts of the body. Ex - Food poisoning Antibiotics Antibiotics are used to fight ___________________________________________ Chemicals that kill or slow the growth of bacteria Work by stopping the _____________________________ from developing. Animal cells do not have cell walls, while viruses lack cell walls. When you take antibiotics it can kill the good bacteria= illness _____________________________________________: overuse of antibiotics has caused certain strains of bacteria to become resistant to medications. This allows bacteria to survive and reproduce. 10
