Download OBJ: 7.1.1 State the cell theory. OBJ: 7.1.2 Describe how the

OBJ: 7.1.1 State the cell theory.
OBJ: 7.1.2 Describe how the different types of microscopes work.
OBJ: 7.1.3 Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
OBJ: 7.2.1 Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus.
OBJ: 7.2.2 Describe the role of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton.
OBJ: 7.2.3 Identify the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus in making proteins.
OBJ: 7.2.4 Describe the function of the chloroplasts and mitochondria in the cell.
OBJ: 7.2.5 Describe the function of the cell membrane.
OBJ: 7.3.1 Describe passive transport.
OBJ: 7.3.2 Describe active transport.
OBJ: 7.4.1 Explain how unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis.
OBJ: 7.4.2 Explain how multicellular organism maintain homeostasis.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? The cell lacks a
nucleus
What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible? Microscopes
Cells: first discovered in the 1600's, can be found in pond water, they contain a huge array of working parts.
Electron microscopes can reveal details about specimens 1000 xs smaller than those visible by light
microscopes
Which type of microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell’s surface? Scanning
Colors seen in images made from electron microscopes are added
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the
cell to use? Mitochondrion
Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is a rigid structure
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms? Animals
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What
are these channels and pumps made of? Proteins
Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus? Eukaryotes
Which structures are involved in cell movement? Microfilaments and microtubules
What is a function of the nucleus? Stores DNA and sends directions
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? The nucleus is
an organ surrounded by cytoplasm
The nucleus is NOT a sire for protein assembly-but stores DNA, is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, sorts
coded instructions for making proteins, and usually has a nucleolus region where ribosome assembly begins
Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”? Robert Hooke
Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? Lysosomes
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? Ribsomes
Which organelles are involved in energy conversion? Mitochondria and chloroplasts
The primary function of the cell wall is to support and protect the cell
Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment? Cell membrane
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? Active transportt
Unicellular organisms do NOT maintain homeostasis through cell specialization
Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? Homeostasis
The cells of unicellular organisms are able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a tissue
Viruses are not made of cells, so viruses are NOT living
Plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria, whereas animal cells only have mitochondria
Aquaporins participate in passive transport
The assembly of ribosomes begins in a small dense structure called the nucleolus
A compound microscope allows light to pass through a specimen and focuses it using two lenses to form an
image
Summarize three statements from the cell theory. Explain the significance of the cell theory to biology. The
cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells. It also says that cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things, and that new cells come from existing cells. The cell theory is significant
to biology because all living thing are made of cells. Differences in the structure and function of different life
forms are reflected in differences in their cell structures.
cell -basic unit of all forms of life
cell theory- fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are
the basic units of structure and function in living thingl and that new cells are produced from existing cells
cell membrane -thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
nucleus- structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
eukaryote-organism whose cells contain a nucleus
prokaryote-unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
cytoplasm- in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cell's
contents
organelle -specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
vacuole- cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
lysosome- cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be
used by the rest of the cell
cytoskeleton- network of protein filaments in a eularyolic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal
organization and is involved in movement
centriole- structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
ribosome -cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell
endoplasmic reticulum- internal membrane system found in eukaryolic cells
golgi apparatus- organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the
endoplasmic reticules for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell
chloroplast -organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and
converts in into chemical energy
mitochondrion cell -organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use
cell wall-strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
lipid bilayer- flexible double layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell
and its surroundings
selectively permeable -property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while
others cannot
diffusion- process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area
where they are less concentrated
facilitated diffusion -process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane
channels
Aquaporin-water channel protein in a cell
Osmosis-diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Isotonic-when the concentration of two solutions is the same
hypertonic -when comparing two solutions, the solution with the great concentration of solutes
hypotonic- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
osmotic pressure-pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable
membrane
homeostasis- relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
tissue- group of similar cells that perform a particular function
organ group -of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
organ system- group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
receptor -on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a
hormone