Download MODULE 1 The Central Dogma Objective 1.4 LESSON A

MODULE 1
Objective 1.4 LESSON A
Course
Advanced
Biotechnology
Unit
Protein
Synthesis
Essential
Question
How is DNA
transcribed/
translated?
TEKS
130.364 2A,
2B, 2C, 2D,
2H, 2J, 3D, 3E,
6A, 6F
TAKS
Science 2A,
2C, 2D, 3A,
3B, 6A, 6B
Prior Student
Learning
Understanding
that DNA
carries the
Genetic Code
Estimated
Time
120
minutes
The Central Dogma
Understanding the Big Picture
Rationale
Gene expression is fundamental to any biotechnology application. This
process decodes the DNA sequence into an observable trait. Students have
already studied the process of transcription and translation in a previous
Biology course so a simple review may be all that is necessary.
Objectives
Students will:
 Describe the main components and processes involved in gene
expression: transcription and translation.
Key Points


Refer to Power Point 1.4 Protein Synthesis.
View Podcast 1.5 Transcription and Podcast 1.6 Translation
Activity:
1. Students complete Protein Synthesis Transcription Student Resources
and Protein Synthesis Translation Student Resources.
2. After students have successfully reviewed these topics hand out the
Altered Gene Expression Assignment and instruct them to find an
article that refers to an organism that exhibits altered gene expression.
Altered gene expression could be a mutated gene, a gene that was
inserted into an organism, or a gene that was deleted from an
organism, or a gene whose sequence was changed. A good source for
short, easy to read articles with images are the National Institute of
Health Biomedical Beat and the National Science Foundation’s news
feed.
a. This assignment enables students to apply their biology concepts
to solving problems in biotechnology.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.
3. Have students share their altered genes and create a binder resource
for future reference or visitors to your classroom.
4. Optional Extension: Students create a working model that illustrates the
central dogma. Students can present models to class or video record
their models with narration. Examples of working models:
a. 3D Model using clay or art supplies
b. Construction paper cut outs
c. 2D model with magnets to show working parts on whiteboard
5. Optional Extension: Students create a concept map of the Central
Dogma including, DNA structure, DNA replication, Transcription and
Translation.
Assessment
 Altered Gene Assignment: Points assigned
Accommodations for Learning Differences
 Visit the Special Populations sections of the CTE Career and Technical
Education Website: http://cte.unt.edu/special-pops.
National and State Education Standards
Texas College and Career Readiness Standards
Science Standards
I. A4, C1, D1, D2, E1, E2
III. A1, B1, C1, C2
Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.
Protein Synthesis Translation Student Resources
For Podcast 1.5 Transcription
I. Define transcription.
II. Label the following on the diagram below: RNA polymerase, mRNA, template DNA
strand, coding DNA strand
III. List three post-transctriptional modifications that must be made to the mRNA before
it can leave the nucleus.
Take Away Questions:
1. If the template sequence of DNA is 3’-TACGGCATGCCCTTACGCATC-5’, what will
the mRNA transcript be?
2. Describe the synthesis of RNA taking place in transcription, and specify how mRNA
is modified before its release from the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
3. Explain the importance of RNA polymerase during transcription.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.
Protein Synthesis Translation-Student Resources
For Podcast 1.6 Translation
I. Diagram the central dogma of molecular biology.
II. Diagram the molecular structure of an amino acid.
III. What is the sequence of amino acids that will code for this segment of mRNA:
CGAGAAGUC?
IV. Define translation.
V. Describe the three stages of translation.
a. Initiation
b. Elongation
c. Termination
Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.
Take Away Questions
1. What distinguishes one amino acid from another?
2. Summarize the activities of translation taking place in the ribosome once the mRNA
molecule and the tRNA molecules have arrived.
3. Consider the following sequence of mRNA:
5’-AGCACCAUGCCCCGAACCUCAAAGUGAAACAAAAA-3’
a. How many codons are included in this mRNA?
b. Determine the amino acid sequence encoded by this mRNA. Be sure to check
for an open reading frame.
4. Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/ and complete the
activity. Record the amino acid sequence you generated once completed below:
5. Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/firefly/ and answer the
questions below:
a. Why do firefly’s glow?
b. In the nucleus an enzyme called ___________________ binds to the
__________ gene.
c. When transcription is complete, the LUC mRNA moves to the _____________.
d. The ribosome interprets the _________ to produce a string of amino acids.
e. The enzyme binds to the _______________ to produce light.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.
Altered Gene Expression Assignment (10 Points)
Go to http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/biobeat/index.html or
http://www.nsf.gov/news/ and find an article and image that exhibits an altered
gene expression. Complete the assignment below.
1. Screen capture or draw an image related to the gene. (1 point)
2. What is the scientific and common name of the gene? (1 point)
4. What organism is the gene located in? (1point)
5. Explain how the gene is normally expressed using terms associated with the central
dogma. What is the gene’s purpose within the organism? (1 point)
6. Explain the altered gene’s expression. (2 points)
7. What scientist(s) or organization is associated with this article? (1point)
8. What are the implications of their studies? (2 points)
Altered Gene Expression Assignment (10 Points)
Go to http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/biobeat/index.html or
http://www.nsf.gov/news/ and find an article and image that exhibits an altered
gene expression. Complete the assignment below.
1. Screen capture or draw an image related to the gene. (1 point)
2. What is the scientific and common name of the gene? (1 point)
4. What organism is the gene located in? (1point)
5. Explain how the gene is normally expressed using terms associated with the central
dogma. What is the gene’s purpose within the organism? (1 point)
6. Explain the altered gene’s expression. (2 points)
7. What scientist(s) or organization is associated with this article? (1point)
8. What are the implications of their studies? (2 points)
Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.