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Exam I Review Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Safwan Elkhatib BIO 212 (6) Coffman 02/03/2014 Eliminate as many answers as you can on each question. For questions where you are unsure about an answer, think of a concrete explanation why the answer you chose is the best. After observing many types of organisms, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated that all known organisms are composed of cells.This statement and process can be best described as… a. Hypothesis-Based Science *b. Discovery-Based Science Changing the number of neutrons forms ions of the same element. a. True *b. False Changing the number of protons forms ions of the same element. a. True *b. False Changing the number of electrons forms ions of the same element. *a. True b. False Rank the following structures by their size from SMALLEST TO LARGEST: condensed chromosome 13, nucleus,carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide. a. carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide, condensed chromosome 13, nucleus b. insulin, carbon atom, nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide c. condensed chromosome 13, carbon atom, nucleotide, nucleus, insulin *d. carbon atom, nucleotide, insulin, condensed chromosome 13, nucleus e. carbon atom, nucleotide, condensed chromosome 13, insulin, nucleus The molecular formula C10H14O7N5P is for a biomolecule that can be described as a a. Carbohydrate *b. Nucleic Acid c. Fatty Acid d. Amino Acid The molecular formula C18H32O2 is for a biomolecule that can be described as a a. Carbohydrate b. Nucleic Acid *c. Fatty Acid d. Amino Acid Table salt (NaCl) is an example of what type of bonding a. Hydrogen bonding *b. Ionic bonding c. Covalent bonding d. Hydrophobic interactions 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center v 515-294-6624 v [email protected] v http://www.si.iastate.edu In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to an oxygen atom by a. hydrogen bonds. b. nonpolar covalent bonds. *c. polar covalent bonds. Atoms form covalent bonds with each other by: a. transferring electrons from one atom to the other. *b. sharing electrons. c. sharing protons. d. attraction of positive and negative charges. e. sharing neutrons. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement? a. Carbon bonds are stable at the different temperatures associated with life b. Organic compounds may contain functional groups c. Organic molecules may occur in various shapes. The structure of molecules determine their functions *d. Organic chemistry is the science of studying Hydrogencontaining molecules, which are found in living organisms Which is true of the base pairing seen between two DNA strands? a. Cytosine bonds with adenine. b. Guanine bonds with thymine. c. Cytosine bonds with thymine. *d. Thymine bonds with adenine. e. Adenine bonds with guanine. Which of the following is true when comparing solutions with a pH of 4 and a pH of 8? a. The solution with a pH of 8 has a 4 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. b. The solution with a pH of 8 has 10,000 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. c. The solution with a pH of 8 has a 4 times lower concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. *d. The solution with a pH of 8 has 10,000 times lower concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. e. The hydrogen ion concentration does not appreciably differ between a solution with a pH of 8 versus that with a pH of 4. Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds *d. hydrogen bonds Which of the following can cross the membrane unfacilitated? a. Na+ b. ATP *c. O2 d. Methionine (an amino acid) A function of mitochondria in plant cells is *a. to catabolize organic molecules converting that energy into ATP. b. to capture photons and convert that energy into organic molecules. c. help traffic proteins to the plasma membrane. d. nothing. Plants don’t have mitochondria. A function of the nucleus in a prokaryotic bacterium is a. to house the genetic material for the cell. b. to serve as the site of translation (protein synthesis). c. to serve as the site of transcription (the making of RNA from DNA). *d. nothing. There is no nucleus in a bacterium. e. both A and C are correct. Which of the following descriptions of a biological membrane is most accurate? a. A three layer structure made of lipids, proteins, and water with water and protein in the middle and lipids on the outside. b. Primarily a protein structure in which lipids function to regulate the passage of other molecules. *c. A fluid structure in which proteins “float” in a semi-liquid phospholipid bilayer d. A rigid structure in which phospholipids and proteins are covalently bonded together. e. A rigid structure surrounding the cell usually made of polysaccharides What type of transport protein can move 2 or more different molecules in opposite directions? a. Uniporter *b. Antiporter c. Symporter d. Multiporter e. Diporter How is the sodium-potassium pump able to move ions against their concentration gradients? a. Exocytosis b. Facilitated diffusion *c. Expending ATP d. Ion channels e. Bulk transport In the formation of salt, the chlorine atom – *a. Gains an electron from sodium b. Becomes a positive ion c. Has one more proton than electron d. A and B are correct e. A, B and C are correct In water at a neutral, [H+] [OH-] = 10-7 M x 10-7 M = 10-14 M. At a pH of 6, what is the [OH-]? a. 10-2 M b. 10-4 M *c. 10-8 M d. 10-10 M e. 10-12 M What characteristic(s) is/are likely to make a molecule soluble in water? a. Small size b. Nonpolar functional groups c. Long hydrocarbon tails *d. An ability to form hydrogen bonds e. Choices A and C are both correct 73. Which of the following is FALSE ? a. Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the pH and temperature of the reaction environment. b. Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the three-dimensional structure or conformation of the enzyme. *c. Enzymes provide activation energy for the reaction they catalyze. d. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by a molecule that binds to the enzyme far from the active site. 96. Which statement or statements describe the role of the Golgi apparatus? It … a. modifies carbohydrates bound to proteins. b. processes proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. c. produces vesicles, some of which may fuse with the cell membrane. d. produces lysosomes. *e. All the above are correct. 140. In exergonic reactions, like the oxidation of glucose, a. the end products have more total energy than the starting reactants. *b. there is a net release of free energy. c. a net input of energy from the surroundings must occur. d. the reaction cannot proceed without enzymes that lower the activation energy. 145. ATP is produced by _______ , ________ reactions and is used to drive ________, ________ reactions. What words filled in these four spaces (in order) result in a true statement? a. endergonic, catabolic exergonic, anabolic b. exergonic, anabolic endergonic, catabolic, *c. exergonic, catabolic endergonic, anabolic d. endergonic, anabolic exergonic, catabolic 157. Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is produced by a. glycolysis. *b. oxidative phosphorylation. c. substrate level phosphorylations. d. direct synthesis of ATP by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 161. Which of the following statements about NAD+ is FALSE? a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. *b. NAD+ has more chemical potential energy than NADH. c. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. d. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis cannot proceed. 162. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by *a. transfer of phosphate from a phosphorylated carbon molecule to ADP, called substrate-level phosphorylation. b. electron transport. c. chemiosmosis. d. oxidation of NADH to NAD+. 166. During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is a. transferred to ADP, forming ATP. b. transferred directly to ATP. *c. retained in the pyruvate. d. stored in the NADH produced. 169. Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? a. glucose-6-phosphate b. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate c. oxaloacetate *d. acetyl CoA 171. All of the following are products of the citric acid cycle EXCEPT a. ATP. b. NADH. c. FADH2. d. carbon dioxide. *e. water 174. Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis is TRUE? a. electron transport from NADH to O2 pumps H+ from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix. b. The high concentration of H+ in the mitochondrial matrix pulls water into the matrix through the ATP synthase channel by osmosis, and the energy in this water flow is used to power ATP synthesis. *c. H+ movement down a concentration gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase results in ATP synthesis d. All these statements describe parts of the chemiosmotic mechanism. 176. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? a. glycolysis *b. accepting electrons (and H+) at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water c. the citric acid cycle d. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA e. the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP 180. Anaerobic fermentation adds reactions to glycolysis in which ________ is ________. a. NAD+; oxidized to NADH *b. NADH; oxidized to NAD+ c. pyruvate; converted to acetylCoA d. ethanol; oxidized 181. Each of the following can be converted to an intermediate of glycolysis and produce some ATP without entering the citric acid cycle EXCEPT *a. fatty acids b. some amino acids c. glucose and sucrose d. glycerol e. starch and glycogen 187. As ATP levels in the cytoplasm of a cell increase, the rate of glycolysis is likely to a. go up, because more ATP is available for the energy investment phase of glycolysis. *b. go down, because elevated ATP results in feedback inhibition of phosphoglucokinase. c. remain unchanged, because the rate of glycolysis is controlled by the availability of oxygen. d. slow, because NAD+ is used up.