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Cells
Which Kingdom?
Eukaryotic Cells
 Membrane
bound organelles
 Nucleus
 Much
larger than prokaryotic cells
Structure
relates to function
Organelles-you should know
function of each
Animal and Plant









Nucleus
Endoplasmic
reticulum
(rough/smooth)
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Golgi Body
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Plant Only
 Cell
Wall
 Chloroplast
 Large vacuole
(some animal fat
cells have large
vacuole)
Know the basic function of
each: Click here to review
Cells
ORGANELLES
FUNCTION
NUCLEUS
Endoplasmic reticulum
helps with transport
Lysosomes
Digestive enzymes
Vacuole
Storage of waste
Ribosomes
Make Proteins
Cytoskeleton
SUPPRT
Cell membrane
Regulates what enters and exists
the cell.
Mitochondria
ENERGY
Others you should know:
Chloroplasts, cell wall, golgi
body
Know the basic function of
each: Click here to review
Cells
Various Eukaryotic Cells
 Animal
Kingdom
 Plant Kingdom
 Fungi Kingdom
 Protist Kingdom
Animal
Kingdom
Animal Kingdom-Multicellular
 Structure



relates to function
Cheek cells flat and over lap each other.
Helps with protection.
Nerve cells have many extensions helps
with communication.
Muscle Cells have many mitochondria for
energy.
Plant
Kingdom
Plant Kingdom
 Regular
Shape
 Relies on cell wall and vacuole for support
 Onion plant cell (not green)
 Elodea plant cell
Plant cells- regular box like
shape: no internal skeleton for
support, instead uses cell wall
and vacuoles.
No water in vacuole
Protista
Kingdom
Protista
 Structure-Unicellular
or
multicellular/eukaryotic
 Energy:
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
 Considered a miscellaneous kingdom
 Reproduction: asexual or sexual
 Movement-varies: Flagella, cilia,
pseudopod…some do not move.
Protista:
Fungi
fungi
 Decomposers
 Cell
wall
 Multicellular or unicellular
 Heterotrophic
 Eukaryotic
 Normally no movement
fungi
CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII
MUSHROOM
MOLD
YEAST
Bacteria
Kingdoms
Archaebacteria- ancient
bacteria, live in extreme
climates.
Eubacteria- live in nonextreme conditions
Prokaryotes





No nucleus
Unicellular ONLY
Energy-Heterotrophic, autotrophic,
chemosynthetic
Usually gram + or gram – Purple or Pink
Shapes:
 Bacillus-Rod shape
 Coccus- circular shape
 Strepto- circles in chains
 Staphylo-circles in clusters
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
BACILLUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
Gram stain
 Gram
positive- means the stain (like
iodine) sticks to the cell wall. Is purple.
 Gram negative-means stain sticks to a
membrane on the inside of the cell wall
which is why its pink.
Scientists who helped
determine cell theory:
 Hooke-
first to see cells
 Van Leeuwenhoek-first to observe living
cells-protists
 Schleiden-determinded planst are made
of cells.
 Schwann- determinded animals are
made of cells
 Virchow- diseases are made of cells
Cell theory
 All
living things are made of cells
 Cells come from pre-existing cells
 Cells are the basic unit of life.