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Cells Which Kingdom? Eukaryotic Cells Membrane bound organelles Nucleus Much larger than prokaryotic cells Structure relates to function Organelles-you should know function of each Animal and Plant Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum (rough/smooth) Lysosomes Vacuole Golgi Body Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Plant Only Cell Wall Chloroplast Large vacuole (some animal fat cells have large vacuole) Know the basic function of each: Click here to review Cells ORGANELLES FUNCTION NUCLEUS Endoplasmic reticulum helps with transport Lysosomes Digestive enzymes Vacuole Storage of waste Ribosomes Make Proteins Cytoskeleton SUPPRT Cell membrane Regulates what enters and exists the cell. Mitochondria ENERGY Others you should know: Chloroplasts, cell wall, golgi body Know the basic function of each: Click here to review Cells Various Eukaryotic Cells Animal Kingdom Plant Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protist Kingdom Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom-Multicellular Structure relates to function Cheek cells flat and over lap each other. Helps with protection. Nerve cells have many extensions helps with communication. Muscle Cells have many mitochondria for energy. Plant Kingdom Plant Kingdom Regular Shape Relies on cell wall and vacuole for support Onion plant cell (not green) Elodea plant cell Plant cells- regular box like shape: no internal skeleton for support, instead uses cell wall and vacuoles. No water in vacuole Protista Kingdom Protista Structure-Unicellular or multicellular/eukaryotic Energy: Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Considered a miscellaneous kingdom Reproduction: asexual or sexual Movement-varies: Flagella, cilia, pseudopod…some do not move. Protista: Fungi fungi Decomposers Cell wall Multicellular or unicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Normally no movement fungi CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII MUSHROOM MOLD YEAST Bacteria Kingdoms Archaebacteria- ancient bacteria, live in extreme climates. Eubacteria- live in nonextreme conditions Prokaryotes No nucleus Unicellular ONLY Energy-Heterotrophic, autotrophic, chemosynthetic Usually gram + or gram – Purple or Pink Shapes: Bacillus-Rod shape Coccus- circular shape Strepto- circles in chains Staphylo-circles in clusters STAPHYLOCOCCUS BACILLUS STREPTOCOCCUS Gram stain Gram positive- means the stain (like iodine) sticks to the cell wall. Is purple. Gram negative-means stain sticks to a membrane on the inside of the cell wall which is why its pink. Scientists who helped determine cell theory: Hooke- first to see cells Van Leeuwenhoek-first to observe living cells-protists Schleiden-determinded planst are made of cells. Schwann- determinded animals are made of cells Virchow- diseases are made of cells Cell theory All living things are made of cells Cells come from pre-existing cells Cells are the basic unit of life.