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DNA and Transcription Tutorial
Directions: Start the program titled “DNA and Transcription tutorial.” Press the F5button to start the tutorial.
Do not use the keyboard during this tutorial. It will interfere with the timing mechanisms of the slideshow.
Click “START FROM BEGINNING”
Genes and DNA
1. What is a gene? Segment of DNA
2. How many genes do humans contain? ~25,000
3. Proteins are made from smaller units called amino acids.
Genes
4. What is created from the instructions found within genes? Proteins
5. Where are genes located? Inside the nucleus of cells
6. Which organelle creates proteins? Ribosomes
Meet Melissa
7. What is Melissa’s task? To design a new high-rise apartment complex
8. What do construction blue-prints contain? Information needed to create the apartment complex
9. What do genes contain? Information needed to make a protein
10. A gene is a small section of DNA
Transcription
11. Define TRANSCRIPTION. the process where the DNA code of a gene is used to make a molecule
called messenger RNA (mRNA)
12. Where is DNA stored? Nucleus
13. What is the function of RNA polymerase? RNA Polymerase breaks apart the bonds that holds the 2
strands of DNA nucleotides together
14. Which type of organic molecule is RNA polymerase? Enzyme
15. What happens once the entire strand of DNA has been separated? free-floating mRNA nucleotides
bond to the now open DNA nucleotides
Transcription Rules
16. Fill in the transcription table below.
DNA
mRNA
A
U
T
A
C
G
G
C
Predicting Transcription
17. Perform transcription and click on the proper RNA base that will match with the given DNA base.
DNA
T
A
C
A
G
G
T
mRNA
A
U
G
U
C
C
A
18. In order, list 3 things that happen once the mRNA is created.
a. RNA will detach from the DNA
b. RNA will exit the nucleus
c. RNA will hook up with a ribosome
Fate of the DNA
19. After the mRNA is created, what happens to the separated DNA? DNA recombines
The Final Stage
20. Why is a fax a good analogy to mRNA? A fax is a way to send a message just like mRNA sends a
message to the ribosome
21. What is the construction site of a protein? Ribosome
22. Which process begins at the ribosome? Translation
23. Define TRANSLATION. Process of making proteins
Review Questions
1. What will eventually be created by the DNA code of a gene? Protein
2. RNA polymerase separates DNA at the start of which process? Transcription
3. RNA polymerase is a type of which organic molecule? Protein/enzyme
4. Which shows the process of transcription done properly?
DNA
A
C
C
G
T
T
A
T
mRNA
U
G
G
C
A
A
U
A
5. After exiting the nucleus, where will the finished mRNA travel? Ribosome
6. Once arriving at the ribosome, which process will begin next? Translation