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Cells Practice Test Answer Key 1. Which type of microscope can be used to view living cells? Compound Light Microscope 2. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory? o o o All living things are composed of CELL(S) (can be unicellular or multicellular). Cells are the basic units of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION in an organism. Cells can ONLY COME FROM OTHER CELLS (via cell reproduction). 3. Which type of microscope gives the viewer a 3-D image? Scanning Electron Miscroscope 4. When a cell engulfs another cell and digests it, what is this process called? Phagocytosis 5. Are these cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Plant or animal? How do you know? Eukaryotic/ Plant 6. Which scientist coined the term, “cells,” because he thought that dead cork cells looked like the cells where monks lived? Robert Hooke 7. Which scientist was the first observe living cells? Anton von Leeuwenhoek 8. What kind of cell might have an increased number of mitochondria? Any cell that uses a lot of energy, i.e. brain or muscle cells 9. Which cell structure acts like a monorail along which vesicles can move from one place to another in the cell? cytoskeleton 10. Which cell structure carries out cell respiration? mitochondrion 11. Which cell structure is selectively permeable? Cell membrane 12. Which cell structure creates water as a waste product? mitochondrion 13. Which cell structure creates oxygen as a waste product? chloroplast 14. Which cell structure is responsible for creating the cleavage furrow during cell division? cytoskeleton 15. Which cell structure is responsible for synthesizing lipids? SER 16. Which cell structure is responsible for converting the energy stored in glucose into ATP? Mitochondrion 17. Which cell structure is responsible for detoxifying poisons? SER 18. Where is RNA synthesized in the cell? Nucleolus 19. Which cell structure is responsible for protein modification (adding carbs)? Golgi Apparatus 20. Which cell structure exerts turgor pressure when the plant cell is well hydrated? Central Vacuole 21. Which cell structure is a rigid structure made of cellulose that helps maintain plant cell shape? Cell Wall 22. Which cell structure releases CO2 a waste product? Mitochondrion 23. What type of cell might have an increased amount of SER? Liver cells 24. Where does the process of transcription take place? Nucleus 25. What type of cell might have an increases amount of RER? Any cell that makes a lot of protein that gets sent out of the cell, i.e. Plasma B cell 26. What is the most likely next stop of a protein that has just been synthesized on the RER? Golgi 27. Which cell structure moves mucus across the surface of the cell in the human trachea? Cilia 28. How does mRNA get out of the nucleus? Through the nuclear pores 29. What kind of microscope made this image? What is this structure? TEM; mitochondrion 30. What kind of microscope made this image? What is this structure? TEM; chloroplast 31. What is the structural and functional unit of life (the smallest unit of matter that can live)? cell 32. What is most directly responsible for creating pseudopodia? cytoskeleton 33. How much energy (in ATP) is required to make 10 glucose molecules? 380 ATP 34. How much energy (in ATP) is released when 10 glucose molecules are broken down? 380 ATP 35. Do plant cells do cellular respiration? Photosynthesis? Yes; yes 36. How much energy (in ATP) is released when 15 glucose molecules undergo cellular respiration? 570 ATP 37. What particle initially absorbs the sunlight energy in photosynthesis and becomes “excited?” Electron in the chlorophyll molecules 38. During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the energy absorbed from the sun is temporarily stored in TWO molecules. Which ones? ATP and NADPH