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Name _______________________ Genetics Study Guide Know the definitions of the following terms: Alleles - ______________________________________________________ Fertilization - __________________________________________________ Genetic disorder - _______________________________________________ Genetics - _____________________________________________________ Genotype.- _____________________________________________________ Hybrid - ______________________________________________________ Percentage - ___________________________________________________ Phenotype - ____________________________________________________ Punnett square - _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Purebred - _____________________________________________________ In ________________ reproduction the offspring is identical to the parent. In ________________ reproduction the offspring gets half of it’s chromosomes from each parent. Hair color is an example of an __________________ trait . Tt, TT, and tt are ______________________________ . The allele combination “PP” is considered to be ______zygous ____________ . In turtles, long(L) tails are dominant. Short(t) tails are recessive. If a turtle has a short tail what must its genotype be? ______ If a rat has one allele for black eyes, but has red eyes, black eyes must be dominant or recessive? ___________________ What is the combination of sex chromosomes for a male? _____ for a female? _____ How many chromosomes are in the sex cells (egg and sperm) of humans? _____ Gregor Mendel found through his experiments that alleles can be _____________ or _______________ . DNA is condensed into structures called ____________________________ . Which nitrogen base is in RNA but not in DNA? _______________________ Deoxyribose in DNA is a _________________ . DNA can be describe as the shape of a _______________________ . In which cell organelle would you find DNA? __________________________ If half of a DNA molecule has a nitrogen base sequence of ATTGCGTG, what would be the other half of the DNA molecules bases? __________________ What are the three types of RNA? _______________ , __________________, ____________________ . Use the following picture to answer questions. What is the homozygous dominant genotype in the above example? _____ What is the hybrid phenotype in the above example? _____________________ Is the shape of eyes in humans an acquired trait or inherited trait? __________ Do a punnett square for a heterozygous red-haired fox and a purebred white fox. What percentage of their offspring will be white? _____ Use the following punnett square to answer the following questions. LL Ll Ll ll What were the parents’ genotypes in the above punnett square? ___ x ___ What percentage of the offspring in the above example are homozygous? _____ Use the following information to answer the questions. Albinism is an inherited genetic condition. The following pedigree shows 3 generations of a family who have albinism in their family. Answer the following questions using the diagram. What do the squares in the above pedigree represent? Males or Females How many people in the above example are carriers of albinism, but are not albino? ___ What gender is most likely to be albino in this diagram? Male or Female A white circle in the above pedigree show: _____________________________ Read the following information to answer questions. A mother and a father who are both brown-eyed have a son named John that is also brown eyed. John marries Jane and they have a blue-eyed daughter named Jill. What is the dominant phenotype in the above example? _____________________ What must John’s genotype be, using the letters B and/or b? _____