Download Review Guide—Chapter 5 Test

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW GUIDE
Keystone Objectives
Identify and describe the cell structures involved in transport of materials into, out of, and throughout a cell.
A.4.1
Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or
protective barrier for a cell. A.4.1.1
Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport—
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport—pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis) A.4.1.2
Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate
the transport of materials within a cell. A.4.1.3
Explain mechanisms that permit organisms to maintain biological balance between their internal and
external environments. A.4.2
Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation).
A.4.2.1
1. Explain the difference between active and passive transport. Give examples of each.
2. Define homeostasis, selective permeability, equilibrium, diffusion, osmosis
3. Identify the various components of the plasma membrane. Describe the function of each.
4. Discuss what determines what molecules will go through the cell membrane.
5. Why do we describe the cell membrane as being “fluid and mosaic”
6. Explain how equilibrium is established as a result of diffusion.
7. List molecules that can diffuse across the cell membrane.
8. List polar molecules that are too large to diffuse across the cell membrane
9. Give examples of diffusion.
10. Be able to draw arrows showing movement of particles during diffusion and explain why you drew them
as you did.
11. Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis
12. List the three types of solutions that you can encounter in osmosis. For each type, describe the solution
and what will occur to a cell (size/shape) when place into that solution
13. Draw a hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solution.
14. Explain the relationship between turgor pressure and plasmolysis.
15. Explain the process of facilitated diffusion. Does it require energy?
16. Explain the movement of particles in relationship to the concentration gradient for active transport.
17. List the two “broad” types of active transport
18. Explain where the sodium and potassium move while the sodium potassium pump is working.
19. What makes the Na+/K+ pump open to let the Na+ out? What make the pump open to let the K+ in?
20. Describe the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis.
21. Describe the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Are they types of endocytosis or
exocytosis?
22. What is the difference between an endotherm and an ectotherm?
23. How do mammals regulate their water concentrations?
24. How do insects and plants regulate their water concentrations?
1. _____ osmosis
2. _____ carrier protein
3. _____ active transport
4. _____ contractile vacuole
a. forces excess water out of a cell
b. transport of a substance against its concentration gradient
c. movement of water down its concentration gradient
d. used to transport substances down their concentration
gradient
5. If a molecule’s concentration outside a cell is higher than it is inside the cell, that solution is
a. isotonic
c. hypertonic.
b. hypotonic.
d. None of the above
6. If someone spills perfume in one room, people can soon smell it in a nearby room. Which of the
following is this an example of?
a. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis
b. diffusion
d. active transport
7. Molecules that can diffuse across the membrane include
a. many polar molecules.
c. sugars
b. many nonpolar molecules.
d. amino acids.
8. Which of the following is an example of active transport?
a. equilibrium
c. facilitated diffusion
b. sodium-potassium pump
d. osmosis
9. The sodium-potassium pump transports
a. sodium ions out of the cell.
b. sodium ions into the cell.
c. potassium ions out of the cell.
d. Both (b) and (c)
10. Which of the following substances are too large for carrier proteins?
a. ions
c. polysaccharides
b. glucose
d. None of the above