Download Deoxyribonucleic acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid
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정영진 , 진윤태 , 배영주 , 이준원
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요 약
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
.
.
DNA segment
DNA
marker
tic-tac-toe
DNA
,
,
.
.
RNA
. DNA
.
,
.
DNA
DNA
.
,
,
Computing Convergence Technology and Principles of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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ABSTRACT
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic blueprint that encodes for the basic functions and development of all living
organisms and many viruses. Its main purpose is the storage of genetic material required for the production of proteins,
RNAs, and all cells within the body. These DNA segments that carry the genetic information are called genes. Similar to
the ones used in modern silicone-based, electronic computers, DNA molecules can be used to create logic gates with short
DNA strands acting as input and output signals. With further development, these gates may be used to detect certain
molecules such as markers, and take appropriate, pre-programmed action against it. The power of DNA logic gates is
demonstrated by a DNA computer that can play a game of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent. Thus, through the
double-helix shaped DNA, valuable information and new insights can be gained in a new field of science that brings
together synthetic chemistry, enzymology, nanotechnology, and computer science.
Key Words : Deoxyribonucleic acid, recombination, transcription, logic gate, computing
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∙ 제1저자(First Author) : 정영진 ∙ 교신저자(Correspondent Author) : 이준원
∙ 접수일(2010년 5월 24일), 수정일(1차 : 2010년 6월 23일), 게재확정일(2010년 6월 28일)
*1865:
Gregor
Mendel
discovers
through
breeding
experiments with peas that traits are inherited on specific
laws (later to be termed "Mendel's laws")
*1869: Friedrich Miescher isolates DNA for the first time
*1871: The first publications describing DNA("nuclein")
by Friedrich Miescher, Felix Hoppe-Seyler, and P. Plósz
are printed.
*1889: Richard Altmann renames "nuclein" to "nucleic
acid"
*1902: Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton postulate that
the heredity units (called "genes" as of 1909) are located
on chromosomes.
*1902-1909: Archibald Garrod proposes that genetic
defects result in the loss of enzymes and hereditary
metabolic diseases.
*1928: Frederick Griffith postulates that a "transforming
principle" permits properties from one type of bacteria
(heat-inactivated virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae) to be
transferred to another (live nonvirulent Streptococcus
pneumoniae).
*1929: Phoebus Levene identifies the building blocks of
DNA, including the four bases adenine(A), cytosine(C),
guanine(G), and thymine(T).
*1949: Colette and Roger Vendrely and André Boivin
discover that the nuclei of germ cells contain half the
amount of DNA that is found in somatic cells. This
parallels the reduction in the number of chromosomes
during gametogenesis and provides further evidence for
the fact that DNA is the genetic material.
*1952: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase use viruses
(bacteriophage T2) to confirm DNA as the genetic
material by demonstrating that during infection viral DNA
enters the bacteria while the viral proteins do not and
that this DNA can be found in progeny virus particles.
*1953: James Watson and Francis Crick discover the
molecular structure of DNA: a double helix in which A
always pairs with T, and C always with G.
*1957:
Francis
Crick
proposes
the
"central
dogma"(information in the DNA is translated into proteins
through RNA) and speculates that three bases in the
DNA always specify one amino acid in a protein.
*1968-1970: Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, and Daniel
Nathans use restriction enzymes to cut DNA is specific
places for the first time.
*1977: Frederick Sanger, Allan Maxam, and Walter
Gilbert develop methods to sequence DNA.
*1982: The first drug (human insulin), based on
recombinant DNA, appears on the market.
*1990: Sequencing of the human genome begins.
*1999: Sequence of the first human chromosome(22) is
published.
*2000 : The complete sequences of the genomes of the
fruit fly Drosophila and the first plan -Arabidopsis- are
published.
*2001: The complete sequence of the human genome is
published.
*2002: The complete genome sequence of the first
mammalian model organism -the mouse- is published.
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