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All living things are made of molecules that contain Carbon. We call these molecules A. organic B. inorganic Living molecules are put together by a process called Dehydration synthesis Dehydration means “to dry out” Synthesis means “to put together” In other words it means putting together and having a little water left over. The term carbohydrate literally means Carbon + water What do living things use carbohydrates for? Energy and structure of its body Plants store carbohydrates in their seeds and roots. Name some roots and seeds that you eat that are high in complex carbohydrates Animals store carbohydrates in the form of Glucose in their cells for immediate energy Glycogen in their livers, a stored form of energy Let’s build our first model m Lipids are molecules made from a glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids attached. They do not dissolve in water because of their construction Lipids We will build the model first and then talk about lipids function in living things Remember it is put together using Dehydration synthesis Lipids are fats, oil and waxes How does a plant use lipids for protection? The top of a plant’s leaves are covered with a waxy substance that protects it from the weather and keeps water from evaporating from the leaf. Does your body use a lipid for protection? Yes, your body makes oil to protect it from drying out and to protect your skin from the elements. Can you think of other ways living things use oils, fats and waxes for protection? Look at the picture below. How does a duck use lipids for protection? How are lipids used for energy storage? Humans and other organisms store fat on their bodies. When the body has used up its available carbohydrates it calls on its fat storage. If you eat less you will lose weight? Stored fat is also an insulation. We have fat under our skin to insulate us from the cold. Fat cells Proteins in our bodies are made from amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that our bodies use to assemble all the different proteins we use. You eat proteins in the form of meat, cheese, eggs, nuts and beans. You have learned that cells are protein factories. How do living things use proteins? Cells use proteins for structure and to control its functions Cells are made of proteins. Ex: muscles cells Hair and skin are made of proteins. Hormones and enzymes that control your body are made of proteins. Nucleic acids Are the molecules that are the cell controllers. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. DNA makes up the chromosomes of the cell. RNA is a nucleic acid that is very important in the process of making proteins. Nucleic Acids are made up of Phosphate Sugar Nitrogenous base We inherit our DNA from both our parents To make our models we will have to match the bases T matches to A G matches to C I will show you how it works.