Download DNA, RNA, and GENES

DNA, RNA, and GENES
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
• DNA is a Chemical code that contains
information that an organism needs to
grow and function (nucleic acids)
History
• Watson and Crick made an accurate model of
DNA in 1953.
• Chargaff discovered the pattern found in the
nitrogen bases.
• Rosalind Franklin discovered shape of DNA.
Structure of DNA
• is similar to a twisted ladder
• the sides of the ladder are made
of sugar and phosphate
molecules.
• the rungs of the ladder are
made up of nitrogen bases.
The bonding of these bases is
• Adenine bonds with Thymine
• Cytosine bonds with Guanine
• A to T and C to G
• Before a cell divides, its DNA duplicates itself by
unwinding and separating its sides, then
forming new identical DNA.
Genes
• are sections of DNA on a chromosome
• contain information for making specific proteins.
• Proteins are made by the ribosomes.
Ribonucleic Acid
• RNA carries the code for
making proteins from the
nucleus to the ribosome.
• Unlike DNA which has 2 sides,
RNA has ONE side.
• RNA has the base URACIL
instead of thymine.
Types of RNA
• Messenger RNA carries the
code for the order in which
the amino acids bond.
• Ribosomal RNA makes up
ribosomes, where proteins
are built.
• Transfer RNA brings amino
acids to the ribosomes to
build the proteins.
• Cells use only the genes that direct the making
of proteins needed by that cell.
• Cells must be able to control genes by turning
some genes on and some off.
DNA and RNA
CHART
PROPERTY
SUGAR
SIDES
BASES
LOCATION
DNA
Deoxyribose
RNA
Ribose
Two
One
A–T
A–U
C-G
C-G
Found in Nucleus Found in Nucleus
AND Cytoplasm
Mutations
• Mutations are permanent changes in the DNA
sequence of a cell’s gene or chromosome.
• Mutations can be caused by outside factors
like X-rays, sunlight, and chemicals.
• A change in gene or chromosome can change
the traits of an organism.
Answers to DNA-Double Helix sheet
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Nucleus
Watson and Crick
Like a twisted ladder
Sugars and phosphate
Amino acids (nitrogen bases)
Deoxyribose
Nucleotides