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Review: parts of a microscope history of cell theory different types of microscopes Sep 259:00 AM Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (a) Prokaryotic Cells do not contain a nucleus (bacteria) have no membrane bound organelles their DNA is concentrated in a area known as the nucleoid Sep 259:01 AM 1 (b) Eukaryotic Cells cells that contain a nucleus (nerve cell) the nucleus is an enclosed region that separates the DNA from the rest of the cell contents eukaryotes contain specialized structures called organelles Sep 259:05 AM Classification of Eukaryotes eukaryotic cells can be divided into two typesÍž animal and plant cells animal and plant cells share many organelles but there are some differences (1) Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not (2) Plant cells have a large central vacuole, animal cells have many smaller ones (3) Plant cells contain chloroplasts which help in photosynthesis, animal cells do not (4) Plant cells tend to be larger and more rectangular Sep 259:09 AM 2 Sep 259:16 AM Typical Cell Organelles 1. Cell Membrane: the thin membrane that separates a cells contents from its outside environment also controls the movement of material into and out of the cell the cell membrane is made up mostly of lipids (fats) and protein Sep 259:16 AM 3 2. Cell Wall found only in plant cells rigid structure that surrounds the inner cell membrane protects and supports the cell allows material to pass into and out of the cell through pores consists mostly of cellulose and fibre Sep 259:22 AM 3. Cytoplasm: the gellike chemical environment inside of a cell membrane made mostly of water contains materials that create the chemical environment in which the cells organelles can function Sep 259:26 AM 4 4. Nucleus: the command center of the cell contains the cells DNA and RNA center of protein synthesis surrounded by a double membrane which contains nuclear pores which allow material to enter and exit Sep 259:30 AM 5