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Welcome to Biology
You will have 1 minutes to
complete the Bell Ringer.
Bell Ringer
What is the name of the two
enzymes used in DNA
replication?
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Welcome to Biology
ALL Students pick up the following
items:
• Glue
• ISN
If absent yesterday you need:
• Scissors
• Daily assignment
Protein
Synthesis :
Transcription and Translation
Protein
Synthesis
•Synthesis- to
“make” or “build”
•Protein SynthesisThe process by
which the DNA
strand is transcribed
from DNA into RNA
and then translated
into an amino acid
forming a
polypeptide chain.
•Referred to as: The
Central Dogma
Protein Synthesis has two parts:
1. Transcription
2. Translation
Transcription
• Process by which the DNA strand provides
the instructions for the synthesis (making)
of RNA.
Step of Transcription
• Takes place in the nucleus.
• A specific gene of DNA is transcribed into
mRNA by RNA polymerase.
• The instructions for making a protein are
transferred from the nucleus to the ribosome.
Codon- Three nucleotide sequence which
codes for a specific amino acid.
mRNA has CODONS
• 1 codon equals
1 amino acid
• mRNA codons base
pairing rules
A
C
T
Isoleucine
Aspartic acid
Proline
U
G
A
Genetic Code:
START
Gene Expression
•Certain genes are
expressed within the
DNA strand
•The process by which
information from a gene
is used in the synthesis
of a protein (a trait)
•Exons – useful DNA
(what is coded)
•Introns – “Junk” DNA
(what is non-coded)
Gene
Expression
Exons: Useful DNA
•During transcription…..
•Gene expression takes
place as the RNA will
read coded (exons) and
non-coded (introns)
regions in the DNA.
•Pre-mRNA will remove
the introns through RNA
splicing.
•mRNA will exit the
nucleus with only exons.
Introns: Junk DNA
Gene Expression
Let’s Practice
STEP 1
DNA
Replication
Parent
DNA:
Daughter
DNA:
5’TAC XXX GAT CAG TGC AAA 3’
_____________________________
STEP 2
Exons and
introns
Pre –
____________________________________________________
mRNA:
STEP 3
Only exons
in mRNA in
the form of
CODONS
mRNA:
Step 4
Amino acid
(protein)
Amino
Acid:
____________________________________________________
______________________________
Welcome to Biology
ALL Students pick up the following
item:
• ISN
• Protein Synthesis Foldable
DNA Translation
• Translation is the second step of protein
synthesis that uses codons from mRNA to
specify the sequence of amino acids
(polypeptide chain).
• Takes place in the ribosomes
• Ribosomes is the site where proteins are made!
The Genetic Code: ThreeNucleotide “Words”
• tRNA- Carries amino acids (proteins)
• Anticodon- Compliments the codon
• Polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids.
Steps to Translation
Let’s Practice
DNA
5’ ATT CGG GCA TTC GAA 3’
mRNA
____________________________
tRNA
____________________________
A.A
____________________________
In Summary
• No talking during assignment
• When finished put it in seat work
• Finish Baby DNA
SNORK DNA