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Ch. 6.1: Cell Theory & The Microscope
Vocab.
Cell theory
micrograph
Nucleus
cytoplasm
Prokaryotic cell
People: Hooke; Leeuwenhoek
organelle
cell wall
plasma membrane
eukaryotic cell
The Discovery of the Cell: Robert Hooke
• In 1665
• Observes cork
(plant) under
microscope;
– looked like
thousands of tiny,
empty chambers =
“cells”
• We now know cells
are the basic units
of life.
The Discovery of the Cell:
Von Leeuwenhoek
• Developed single microscope
with high quality lens, 1700
• observe pond water and other
things.
• Cellular/Microbiology is
born!
Developing the Cell Theory
• Matthias Schleiden: all
plants were made of cells
(1838)
• Theodor Schwann: all
animals were made of
cells (1839).
• Rudolph Virchow: new
cells were created only
from division of preexisting cells (1855).
• These discoveries led to
the cell theory.
Compound Light Microscope
• Combination of lenses
and light used to magnify
small objects held on a slide
•Live specimens: YES
•Max magnification =
1000x
Electron Microscopes
• Image produced on a computer screen using a beam
of electrons (not light)
• More powerful (300,000x or more) than light
microscopes, but specimen cannot be alive
– Transmission (T.E.M)
• Study of inner structure of a specimen
• Samples are cut into thin slices for viewing
• Images are 2-D
– Scanning (S.E.M.)
• Allows study of specimen surface
• Images are 3-D
Images from Electron Microscopes
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are
composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in
living things.
3. New cells are produced
from pre-existing cells.
Two Types of Cells
•All cells are surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane
and contain DNA
•Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus & membrane
organelles. (plants, animals, fungi & protists.)
•Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain a nucleus (still have
DNA) and most organelles (do have ribsomes) and are
classified as bacteria.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Cell Parts: Organelles
Each has a specific job/function.
You to be able to identify each organelle from a picture and explain the
function of each organelle for your CELL QUIZ.
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Ribosomes
E.R. (rough & smooth)
Golgi Apparatus
Vacoules
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Microtules & Microfilaments
Flagella & Cilia
Table of Organelles & Function
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
http://utahscience.oremjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/orgtable.htm
StudyStack for Organelles
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-242367
Eukaryote: Animal Cell
Eukaryote: Plant Cell