Download (3) Ch 6 Review Game

REVIEW BEFORE THE
GAME
MEIOSIS
• What type of cells are produced?
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
• Trick: mEioSis
– E=egg and S=sperm
– Eggs and sperm are sex cells
MEIOSIS
• What type of cells are produced?
– Sex cells
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
–4
• Trick: mEioSis
– E=egg and S=sperm
– Eggs and sperm are sex cells
MEIOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
MEIOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
– Diploid
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
– Haploid
MITOSIS
• Which cells in your body are produced
by this process?
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
• Trick: MITosis
– Makes It Two
MITOSIS
• Which cells in your body are produced
by this process?
– Most of the cells in your body (except sex
cells)
• How many cells are produced at the end
of this process?
–2
• Trick: MITosis
– Makes It Two
MITOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
MITOSIS
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the
BEGINNING of the process.
– Diploid
• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in each cell at the END of
the process.
– Diploid
SELECTIVE BREEDING
Labrador Retriever
Poodle
gentle, intelligent
and family-friendly
hypoallergenic coat
may reduce allergic
reactions
SELECTIVE BREEDING
LABRADOODLE
gentle, intelligent
and family-friendly
AND
hypoallergenic
coat
GENETIC ENGINEERING
In this example,
scientists added a gene
from fireflies to this
plant which causes it to
grow.
Scientists can manipulate individual genes.
They do not select organisms and breed them.
They take out DNA from one organism and
insert it into the cells of another.
DNA Fingerprinting
• Unique patterns in an individual’s DNA
• Can be used as evidence in crime scenes
• Identifies family relations or herditary
diseases
PEDIGREES
• Know how to read and interpret a pedigree.
You should be able to identify:
– Males and Females
– Who has a recessive trait, who is a carrier, and
who does not have the trait
– The genotype for each person
PEDIGREES
DNA
• What does the “base-pair rule” state?
• If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what
percent is:
– Cytosine?
– Thymine?
– Adenine?
DNA
• What does the “base-pair rule” state?
– The amount of adenine = thymine and the
amount of cytosine = guanine
• If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what
percent is:
– Cytosine? (40%)
– Thymine? (10%)
– Adenine? (10%)
DNA
• ANSWER:
TACCGATTG
ATGGCTAAC
Chapter 5 (Section 3)
&
Chapter 6
Genes and DNA
Review Game
This is the process by
which most of the cells in
your body reproduce.
This is the process by
which most of the cells in
your body reproduce.
A: Mitosis
How many cells are
produced at the end of
meiosis?
How many cells are
produced at the end of
meiosis?
A: 4
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
mitosis.
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
mitosis.
A: Diploid (A full set)
The parent cell of an
organism has 22 pairs of
chromosomes.
1) What is the diploid number?
2) What is the haploid number?
The parent cell of an
organism has 22 pairs of
chromosomes.
1) What is the diploid number?
A: 44
2) What is the haploid number?
A: 22
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
meiosis.
This term refers to the
number of chromosomes
found in cells at the end of
meiosis.
A: Haploid
What kind of
chromosomes determine a
person’s gender?
What kind of
chromosomes determine a
person’s gender?
A: Sex Chromosomes
1) Which sex chromosomes
does a female carry?
2)Which sex chromosomes
does a male carry?
1) Which sex chromosomes
does a female carry?
A.XX
2)Which sex chromosomes
does a male carry?
A.XY
Who determines a child’s
sex: the male or the
female?
Who determines a child’s
sex? The male or the
female?
A: Male
(because females can only pass on an X
chromosome. Males can pass on either an X
or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male
passes on will determine the sex)
An organism has 30
chromosomes. How many
chromosomes would its
sperm or eggs have?
An organism has 30
chromosomes. How many
chromosomes would its
sperm or eggs have?
A: 15
A dog breeder crosses a
poodle with a lab in order
to have dogs that do not
shed. This is an example of
what?
A dog breeder crosses a
poodle with a lab in order
to have dogs that do not
shed. This is an example of
what?
A: Selective Breeding
What is the molecule in
the cell that contains the
information for protein
production?
What is the molecule in
the cell that contains the
information for protein
production?
A: DNA
Describe the shape of
DNA (2 ways).
Describe the shape of
DNA (2 ways).
A: double helix, or a
twisted ladder
What are the subunits of
DNA?
What are the subunits of
DNA?
A: Nucleotides
What are the three
components that make up a
nucleotide?
What are the three
components that make up a
nucleotide?
A: A base, a sugar, and
a phosphate
Using their first letters,
list the four bases found
in DNA.
Using their first letters,
list the four bases found
in DNA.
A: A, T, C, & G
What is the rule that
states that A always pairs
with T, and C always pairs
with G?
What is the rule that
states that A always pairs
with T, and C always pairs
with G?
A: Base-Pair Rule
What scientist discovered
that the amount of adenine
always equals the amount of
thymine, and the amount of
cytosine always equals the
amount of guanine?
What scientist discovered
that the amount of adenine
always equals the amount of
thymine, and the amount of
cytosine always equals the
amount of guanine?
A: Erwin Chargaff
st
1
Who was the
scientist
to produce images of DNA
molecules using X-ray
diffraction?
st
1
Who was the
scientist
to produce images of DNA
molecules using X-ray
diffraction?
A: Rosalind Franklin
Who were the 2 scientists
who developed the first
model of DNA?
Who were the 2 scientists
who developed the first
model of DNA?
A: James Watson and
Francis Crick
Write down the
complementary strand for
this sequence of bases.
A C C T A G
Write down the
complementary strand for
this sequence of bases.
A C C T A G
T G G A T C
List the 3 kinds of
mutations that can occur
when DNA is copied.
List the 3 kinds of
mutations that can occur
when DNA is copied.
A: Deletion, Insertion,
and Substitution
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
A: Insertion
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
What kind of mutation has
taken place?
A: Substitution
Since DNA can’t fit
through the nuclear pores,
_____ takes the message
from the DNA out to the
cell.
Since DNA can’t fit
through the nuclear pores,
_____ takes the message
from the DNA out to the
cell?
A: RNA
What base does RNA have
that DNA does not?
What base does RNA have
that DNA does not?
A: Uracil
What base does DNA have
that RNA does not?
What base does DNA have
that RNA does not?
A: Thymine
This tool is used to detect
traits that are passed
down through generations.
This tool is used to detect
traits that are passed
down through generations.
A: Pedigree
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a male with the
trait
2.Using the letter “F”,
write his genotype.
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a male who has the
trait
2.Using the letter “F”,
write his genotype.
A: ff
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a female carrier of
the trait
2.Using the letter “F”,
write her genotype.
3.Does she have the trait?
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1. Draw a female carrier of
the trait
2. Using the letter “F”, write
her genotype.
A: Ff
3. Does she have the trait?
A: No
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this
is a sex-linked trait?
Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this
is a sex-linked trait?
A: No, males can’t be
carriers of sex-linked traits
Scientists added genes
from a firefly to a tobacco
plant which caused the
plant to glow. This type of
manipulation is known as
________ ________.
Scientists added genes
from a firefly to a tobacco
plant which caused the
plant to glow. This type of
manipulation is known as
genetic engineering.
This is the term for a new
organism that has an exact
copy of another organism’s
genes.
This is the term for a new
organism that has an exact
copy of another organism’s
genes.
A: Clone
This is the process that
identifies the unique patterns
in a person’s DNA. It can be
helpful in many areas,
including solving crimes and
identifying hereditary
diseases.
This is the process that
identifies the unique patterns
in a person’s DNA. It can be
helpful in many areas,
including solving crimes and
identifying hereditary
diseases.
A: DNA Fingerprinting