Download PowerPoint - Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical
Reactions
Predicting Products
from the Reactants
Types of Reactions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Synthesis reactions
Decomposition reactions
Single displacement reactions
Double displacement reactions
Combustion reactions
You need to be able to identify each
1. Synthesis
Example C + O2
C + O O
Synthesis:

O C O
A + B  AB
Criss Cross the Charges to
Balance
• Mg + N  ?
• Mg = +2
• N = -3
+2
• Mg +
-3
N

Mg3N2
• Synthesis: A + B = AB
Ex. Synthesis Reaction
Practice
• Predict the products:
2 Na(s) + Cl2(g)  2 NaCl(s)
Mg(s) + F2(g) 
MgF2(s)
2 Al(s) +3 F2(g)  2 AlF3(s)
• Now, balance them. (Criss-Cross!)
But WAIT! What Does the
(s) and (aq) and (g) Mean???
• (s) in a chemical equation signifies a
SOLID
• (g) in a chemical equation is a GAS
• (aq) means “aqueous” (LIQUID)
• Why do you need to note that?
Because sometimes… a phase can
change in a reaction!
2. Decomposition
Example: NaCl
Cl Na

General:
Cl
+
Na
AB  A + B
Compound = Element + Element
Ex. Decomposition Reaction
3. Single Displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
Zn was oxidized
Went from neutral (0) to (+2)
Cu
Cl
+
Cl
Zn

Zn
Cl
+
Cu
Cl
Cu was reduced
Went from (+2) to Neutral (0)
General:
AB + C  AC + B
Compound + Element = New Compound + New Element
But WAIT! What do
“oxidized” and ”reduced” Mean?
•
•
•
•
Remember?
LEO the lion says GER
Lose electrons = oxidation = LEO
Gain electrons = reduction = GER
• Metals LOSE electrons
• Non-metals GAIN electrons
Ex. Single Replacement Reaction
Single Replacement Reactions
• Write and balance the following single
replacement reaction equations:
• Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq)  ZnCl2 + H2(g)
• 2 NaCl(s) + F2(g)  2 NaF(s) + Cl2(g)
• 2 Al(s)+ 3 Cu(NO3)2(aq) 3 Cu(s)+ 2 Al(NO3)3(aq)
4. Double Displacement
Example: MgO + CaS
Mg
+
Ca
O
General:
S

Mg
S
+
Ca
O
AB + CD  AD + CB
Double Replacement Reactions
• Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first
and outer ions go together + inside ions go
together
• Example:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
• Another example:
K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)  2 KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Practice
•
Predict the products:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) 
CaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) 
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + BaCl2(aq) 
FeCl3(aq) + NaOH(aq) 
H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) 
6. KOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq) 
5. Combustion Reactions
• Combustion reactions –
when a hydrocarbon reacts
with oxygen gas
• This is also called
BURNING!
• In order to burn something
you need the 3 things in
the “fire triangle”:
• 1) Fuel (hydrocarbon)
2) Oxygen
3) Something to ignite the
reaction (spark)
Combustion Reactions
• In general:
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O
• Products are ALWAYS
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER!
• Combustion is used to heat homes and run
automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is a
hydrocarbon: C8H18 )
Mixed Practice
•
State the type of reaction & predict
the products (try to balance the
equation!)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
BaCl2 + H2SO4 
C6H12 + O2 
Zn + CuSO4 
Cs + Br2 
FeCO3 