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Transcript
Final Review What are some properties of a metal? What are some properties of a non-metal? Metal and non metal (cation) and (anion) Form an ionic bond with the 2 being attracted together 2 non metals Form a covalent bond by sharing electrons Prefixes: What are they? 1. Name the first element 2. Name the second element with “ide” 3. Use prefixes Ex. P2O5 1. Name the metal Name the non-metal with “ide” “drop and cross method” Ex: K Cl Ex: magnesium oxide Metals with two different charges You must use roman numerals! What are some properties of ionic compounds? What are some properties of molecular compounds? What are some acid properties? What are some properties of a base? Hydrogen ___ide = hydro ___ic acid Hydrogen ___ate = ___ic acid Hydrogen per ___ate = per ___ic acid Hydrogen ___ite = ___ous acid Hydrogen Hydro ___ite = hydro ___ous acid **ide or ate = ic acid………..ite = ous acid** Formation / synthesis Decomposition Combustion Single replacement Double replacement Release (Exit/ Exo) energy Forming bonds is exothermic Reactant that absorb energy Breaking bonds in endothermic How do you calculate moles? Where do you find molar mass? Scalar: magnitude (amount or size) Ex: 10 km Vector: magnitude & direction Ex: 10 km East Displacement: length of a path in a straight line (final to initial starting position) Distance: actual length of a path Velocity: displacement of an object during a given time interval Speed: distance traveled by an object in a given time interval Sprinter in increasing in speed What would a graph look like if a sprinter was decreasing in speed? Amount of material / matter measured in kilograms Force of GRAVITY acting on an object measured in Newton's Fg = mg Fg= weight M = mass G = acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2) Transfer of mechanical energy from one object to another Is the energy an object has when it is in motion Ek = ½ 2 mv Is energy waiting to be released (stored energy) Ep = mgh An object must have a height above ground to have gravitational potential energy Controlled: What stays the same Responding: the variable that will change as a result of the change in the manipulated variable. Ex: your results Manipulated: what the scientist changes Also known as spontaneous generation Living things could arise from non living matter Living things arise from Living things Louis Pasteur Francesco Redi Robert Hooke Antony Van Leeuwenhoek ◦What did these people do? 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the smallest functional unit of life 3. All cells are produced from other cells Know the parts of the microscope Know the general idea of the other microscopes (electron microscope, TEM, SEM, CLSM, STM ) Cell membrane Vesicles Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes ER Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Centroles Vacuoles Cell wall Chloroplast 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy 6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL SWELLS Water from the outside of the cell enters the cell CELL SHRINKS Water from inside of the cell exits to enter the solution outside of the cell Controls the movement in and out of the cell Requires no energy Molecules move from high to low concentration Used for the movement of LARGE molecules like glucose across the membrane with help from proteins Proteins 1. channel proteins (charged ions) 2. carrier proteins (lock & key) The diffusion of WATER molecules across a membrane Required energy (ATP energy) ENDOCYTOSIS MOVES STUFF IN 1. phagocytosis (eating) 2. Pinocyosis ( drinking) (pin = pint) EXOCYTOSIS (EXO=EXIT) MOVES STUFF OUT Xylem Phloem Epidermis Guard cell Stomata Palisade layer Spongy layer cuticle Cells Tissue Organs Systems Phloem epidermal tissue leaf vascular system Good Luck on the Final!