Download Unit 4 Genetics - Jamestown Public Schools

Unit 4 Genetics
Ch. 14 The Human Genome
Human Chromosomes
- To analyze _________________, biologists _________________ cells in ___________
- They then _____ out the __________________ from the __________________, & group
them together in ________
- Karyotype – a ____________ of ________________ arranged in ________
- Sex chromosomes - __ of the ____ chromosomes, that determine an individual’s _____
o Females: _____
o Males: _____
- Autosomes – remaining ___ chromosomes
Human Traits
- Pedigree - ______ that shows the ______________ within a _________
- Remember that the _______________ of an organism is determined by its ____________
- Also, that ____________________ effects on ________ expression are not
____________, _________ are
Human Genes
- The human ____________, our ______________ set of ____________ information,
includes 10’s of 1000’s of _______
- The _______ sequences on these ________ carry information for specifying many
________________
- Many genetic _____________ are caused by ______________ recessive __________
- However, some genetic _____________ may be caused by a ______________ allele
- Ex.) _______________, Huntington’s Disease (loss of _____________ control, &
_________ function until __________ occurs)
From Gene to Molecule
- In __________ fibrosis, & __________ cell disease, a small change in the ______ of a
single ________ affects the _____________ of a __________, causing a serious
____________ disorder
- __________ fibrosis is caused by the ______________ of __ bases in the ______ of a
single ______
o As a result, the ______ does not produce a _________ needed to ____________
chloride ____
o ___ causes serious ______________ & _______________ problems
From Gene to Molecule (cont.)
- __________ cell disease is common in ____________ Americans
o It is characterized by the _______ & ___________ shape of the _____ blood
_____
o The _______ get stuck in the _______________, damaging ______, tissues, &
_________
o It causes _______________ weakness, & damage to the _______, heart, &
________ (may be ________)
Human Genes & Chromosomes
- ________ located close together on the same _________________ are _________, so
they tend to be ______________ together
- ___________ genes may be _______________, however, during _____________
Sex-Linked Genes
- Sex-linked genes - _________ located on the ______ chromosomes
- _________ have 1 __ chromosome, therefore, all __________ alleles are
_______________ in males, even if they are ________________
- Ex. of ______________ disorders: ___________________, hemophilia, ______________
dystrophy
Chromosomal Disorders
- Nondisjuntion – when __________________ chromosomes fail to _____________ during
_________
- If it occurs, abnormal ____ of ________________ could find their way into
____________, & a _____________ of ___________________ #’s may result
- ________ Syndrome results when there is an _________ on chromosome ___
Human DNA Analysis
- DNA Fingerprinting – (Gel Electrophoresis), analyzes sections of ______ that vary from 1
________________ to another
The Human Genome Project
- The _________ Genome __________ is an ongoing effort to ___________ the human
_____ sequence
- ___________________ companies are rushing to find __________ info. that may be used
in developing new _________ & _________________ for disease
Gene Therapy
- In _________ therapy, an _____________ or ___________ gene is replaced by a
__________, working ________
- ____________ are often used because they can enter _______ so easily
Ethical Issues in Human Genetics
- The goal of ___________ is to gain a better __________________ of the nature of
______
- As our ________________ increases, so does our ability to ____________ the
___________ of _________ things, including __________
- What will happen to the ____________ species if we ____________ our _____________?