Download Parts of a Cell Notes

Name:_______________________
~Parts of a Cell Notes~
Please read pages 16-23 in your Cells, Heredity, and Classification textbook and complete the
notes below:
Holding it All Together:
1. All cells have ______________________________________ that separate what is __________________________ the cell
from what is ________________________________.
2. All cells are covered by a ___________________________________________.
3. The job of the cell membrane is to ________________________________________________________________________, to
___________________________________________________________________, and to _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
4. The cells of plants and algae have a hard _____________________________made of ____________________________.
5. The cell wall provides __________________________________________________________ to the
________________________________________.
6. When too much ___________________________ enters or leaves a plant cell, the cell wall can prevent _______
_______________________________________________________________________________.
The Cell’s Library:
7. The ____________________________ is the largest and most visible __________________________________ in a eukaryotic cell.
8. The nucleus is often called the _____________________________________ of the cell. It stores the _________________________
that has information on how to make _________________________________________________________________________________.
9. Almost every chemical reaction that is __________________________________________________________________________
involves some kind of __________________________________.
Protein Factories:
10. Proteins are made up of chemicals called _________________________________, and are considered the _________________
____________________________________ of all cells.
11. Amino acids are hooked together to make _______________________________ at very small organelles called
______________________________________________.
12. All cells have ____________________________________ because all cells need ___________________________________ to live.
The Cell’s Delivery System:
13. The Endoplasmic Reticulum, or _______________, is a membrane-covered compartment that makes _______________
______________________________________________ for use ___________________________________________________ the cell.
14. It also breaks down ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
that could damage the cell.
The Cell’s Power Plants:
15. Cells need __________________________ to function.
16. Inside all cells, food molecules are “_____________________________” (broken down) to release ____________________.
The energy is transferred to a special molecule, called ____________________ that the cell uses to get work done.
17. ATP is mostly made in the ________________________________________________. Mitochondria can only work if they
have oxygen. The reason you breathe air is to ________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
18. Plants and algae have an additional kind of energy-converting organelle, called a _______________________________.
19. Chloroplasts contain an important chemical called ______________________________________________, which is what
makes chloroplasts ___________________________ (just like the leaves of plants!)
20. The energy of _____________________________________ is trapped by chlorophyll and used to make sugar in a process
called _________________________________________________.
21. The sugar that is produced is used by ________________________________________________ to make _______________________.
The Cell’s Packaging Center:
22. The ____________________________________________ is in charge of processing and shipping __________________________
and other materials out of the cell.
23. Lipids and proteins from the ___________________ are delivered to the Golgi complex, where they are
__________________________________________________________(purposes).
24. The final products are enclosed in a piece of the Golgi complex’s ____________________________ that pinches off to
form a small _______________________________________. This compartment _______________________________________ its
contents to ____________________________________________________________________ or outside of the cell.
The Cell’s Storage Centers:
25. ______________________________________ are compartments that all eukaryotic cells have that are used to store
materials.
26. Most plant cells have a ________________________________ which is a very large membrane-covered
__________________________________________.
27. Vacuoles store ____________________________________________________________________, and vacuoles that are full of water
help _____________________________________________________________.
28. Some plants ______________________________ when their cell vacuoles lose _____________________________.
29. The color of flowers and fruits comes from the _______________________________________ stored inside the vacuoles.
Vacuoles also contain a fruit’s _________________________.
Packages of Destruction:
30. ____________________________________ are special vesicles in ______________________________ that contain enzymes.
31. Lysosomes used their enzymes to destroy ______________________________________________________ organelles. They
also get rid of ______________________________________________ and protect the cell from _________________________________.
Plant or Animal:
32. Both plant and animal cells have: (list all of the cell parts that both types of cells have below)
33. Only plant cells have: (list the cell parts that ONLY plant cells have below)