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CELL RESPIRATION OUTLINE CELL RESPIRATION 1. Aerobic Respiration 1. 2. 3. Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle: Acetyl CoA Formation + Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain NET ATP: 36 Anaerboic Respiraiton 2. 1. 2. Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation OR Ethanol Fermentation NET ATP: 2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP IN OVERVIEW…. 2 WAYS OF MAKING ATP 1. SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION (GLYCOLYSIS & CITRIC ACID CYCLE) An Enzyme gives a phosphate to ADP to form ATP! 2. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ETC + CHEMIOSMOSIS) ATP made by redox reactions of Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase (enzyme) is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way. CELL RESPIRATION HAPPENS WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN CELL RESPIRATION OPTIONS glucose 1. GLYCOLYSIS AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION 2. Krebs Cycle 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation 3. Electron Transport Chain OR 2. Ethanol Fermentation NET 36 ATP NET 2 ATP I. AEROBIC RESPIRATION 1. GLYCOLYSIS In cytosol Glucose (6C) 2 Pyruvate (3c) Can occur with or without oxygen NET ENERGY: 2 ATP 2 NADH (+4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP) MOVE INTO THE MITOCHONDRIA’S MATRIX…. START THE “KREB’S CYCLE” ACETYL COA FORMATION + CITRIC ACID CYCLE 2A. ACETYL COA FORMATION Pyruvate (3C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2C) CO2 is released as a waste product NADH is made 2B. CITRIC ACID CYCLE 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles Overall Yield: 2 ATP 8 NADH 2 FADH2 CO2 bi-product SO FAR WE’VE MADE… 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, AND 4 ATP MOVE INTO THE MITOCHONDRIA’S INNER MEMBRANE…. 3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN In inner membrane of mitochondrion Largest energy making step “ATP Converter”- converts NADH + FADH2 into ATP Movement of Hydrogens (protons) fuels the process 3 Proteins (electron acceptors), each one is more electronegative than the first. By-product: H2O 1 NADH = 3 ATP 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP CHEMIOSMOSIS Last stop of ETC As H+ ions diffuse through the membrane, ATP synthase uses the energy to join ADP and a phosphate group to create ATP! ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ ATP SYNTHASE H+ 1 NADH = 3ATP 1 FADH2= 2 ATP Matrix H2O OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: ETC & CHEMIOSMOSIS AEROBIC RESPIRATION: TOTAL ENERGY YIELD Glycolysis Acetyl CoA Formation Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain NADH 2 2 FADH2 0 0 ATP 2 0 6 10 x 3 2 2x2 2 +4 38 ATP made, but used 2ATP up after Glycolysis: NET 36 ATP II. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION “Fermentation” Bacteria & Fungi (yeast) – Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation Animal Muscle- Lactic Acid Fermentation Recycles NADH so Glycolysis can keep occuring ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Occurs in some BACTERIA and YEAST (fungi) Used to produce beer and wine NAD+ is regenerated, thereby allowing glycolysis to continue CO2 Glucose 2 Pyruvate (3C) GLYCOLYSIS 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 2 Acetaldehyde (2C) 2 Ethanol LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Occurs in ANIMALS Occurs in muscle cells, causing muscle pain and fatigue Glucose 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate GLYCOLYSIS 2 NAD+ 2 NADH