Download Summer 2007

Name___________________________ Period____ DUE__________
DNA/RNA, Protein Synthesis and Mutations - REVIEW
I. Understand all vocabulary.
II. Understand Cell Reproduction
III. Understand the scientific process involved in establishing DNA as the heredity
molecule.
IV. Describe the structure of DNA
V. Understand the processes of replication, transcription and translation
VI. Compare the methods by which evolutionary change can occur: mutations and
recombination.
VII. Discuss modern biotechnology procedures as they relate to DNA
I. Vocabulary:
a. Chp. 10 Meiosis (recombination, nondisjunction, crossing over, polyploidy)
b. Chp. 11 (DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, nitrogenous bases, nucleotide,
replication, polymerase, transcription, translation, codon, genetic code, central
dogma, gene, exon, intron, mutations, point mutation, frameshift mutation,
chromosomal mutation)
II. Cell Reproduction:
Be able to compare and contrast mitosis vs. meiosis.
III. Scientists:
What scientific contribution was provided by James Watson and Francis Crick?
How did their discovery depend on the research of other scientists, such as Rosalind
Franklin and Maurice Wilkins?
Describe two ways in which the work of these scientists benefited society.
IV. Structure of DNA
Using FOUR defining statements, describe what is meant by the term, genetic code.
Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide.
1
Sketch and label a DNA nucleotide.
Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA. How do they always match up?
Describe what makes one nucleotide different from another?
What makes up the backbone of a DNA molecule?
What makes up the "steps" of a DNA molecule?
What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? Are they strong or weak bonds?
Why must DNA be able to make copies of itself?
Explain what introns and extrons are?
V.
Understand the processes of replication, transcription and translation
Define the differences in the chemical make-up of DNA and RNA.
Is RNA double or single stranded?
What base is missing on RNA, & what other base replaces it?
2
The figure below shows two processes that involve DNA.
Use what you know about the function of each process to explain why one process forms
two complementary strands, whereas the other process forms only one complementary
strand.
What is a codon & what does each codon code for?
What process is identified by number 1 and number 2 in the diagram? Use what you know
to justify your answer.
3
The figure above shows a DNA molecule during a common cell process.
– What process is shown in the figure? Use information in the figure to support your
answer.
– Describe what will happen to the DNA molecule as the process continues to completion.
– Describe what will happen to the product of this process.
Name the amino acid coded for by each of these codons:
a. UUA
d. AAA
b. AUU
e. GAG
c. UGU
f. UAA
4
What codon starts protein synthesis?
What codons stop protein synthesis?
Translate the following strands:
a. DNA:
ATT GTT CCT CGT AGG
mRNA:
AA:
b. DNA:
mRNA:
UGA CCC GAU UUC AGC
AA:
VI. A. Genetic Mutations
For the following, give a definition of the mutation and then give a possible mutant
strain of the original DNA.
1. Point Mutation –
Original:
Mutant :
ATA CAC CCG TTA
2. Frameshift Mutation –
Original:
Mutant:
ATA CAC AAG CCA
5
B. Karyotype:
Understand karyotypes and possible abnormalities (monosomy, trisomy, etc.)
Down Syndrome -
Cat Eye Syndrome -
Patau Syndrome -
Edward Syndrome -
William Syndrome -
6