Download Name: Date: Period:_____ Midterm Review: Study Guide # 3

Name:_______________________________
Date:_________________ Period:_____
Midterm Review: Study Guide # 3
TOPICS: DNA/Chromosomes, Cancer, & Meiosis
Please read before studying:
1. First, take time to review your Study Guide #1 & #2 Worksheet before beginning Study Guide #3.
1. After you are done, locate your guided notes and any other associated sheets for ALL the topics
listed above.
2. Next, scan the objectives for the topic you are about to study in order to get a sense of what
you should be focusing your time and energy on.
3. Start mastering each objective by answering the associated review questions right on this sheet.
4. After you have finished, use this sheet as a study tool to quiz yourself. Quiz yourself by trying to
answer all the questions aloud. This will probably take you a few times to feel comfortable. You are
finished studying when and only when you can answer 100% of the objectives correctly without
having to look back at your notes for help.
Topic # 6 – DNA/Chromosomes
 I am able to describe the structure of a DNA molecule:
 What part of the DNA molecule labeled “S”? sugar
(deoxyribose)
 What part of the DNA molecule is labeled “P”?
phosphate
 What does A, T, G, & C stand for? Adenine,
thymine, guanine, cytosine (Nitrogen Bases)
 How do the nitrogen bases pair together?
 A-T (Ann Taylor) and G-C (George Clooney)
 Where is DNA found in the cell? Nucleus

What is the boxed subunit called?
Nucleotide; a nucleotide is a Sugar +
Phosphate + Nitrogen Base
 I am able to describe how DNA makes us who we are:
 How do the four letters that compose DNA make us who we are?
 The ribosome reads the order of the letters (nitrogen bases) to make
a protein. The order of bases is a very important sequence called A
GENE!
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Name:_______________________________
Date:_________________ Period:_____
 What would happen if one of the nitrogen bases in DNA was changed? mutation
 I am able to describe when, where and how DNA replication occurs:
 When does DNA replication(COPY) occur? Interphase
 Where does DNA replication occur? Nucleus
 How does DNA replication occur? 1) Unzipping of 2 strands 2) Base-pairing
 I am able to define the following terms:
 Karyotype – picture of a person’s chromosomes
 Trisomy – 3 chromosomes in a pair
 Monosomy – one chromosome in a pair
 Autosomes – chromosome pairs #1-22
 Sex Chromosomes – chromosome pair #23
 I am able to analyze a karyotype for a chromosome disorder:
 What does a normal human karyotype look like? 23 pairs of chromosomes with 2
chromosomes in each pair
 What would an abnormal one look like? an extra or a missing chromosome in a pair
 How can you tell if the patient is a male or female? XX = female and XY = male, guy
Topic # 7 – Cancer
 I am able to describe what cancer is and how it begins:
 What is cancer? A disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably
 What can cause cancer? Unhealthy diet, smoking, chemicals, UV light, etc.
 How does cancer start? With a mutation in a cell; to be cancerous the cell
usually accumulates 5-7 mutations
 What is a tumor? A mass of abnormal cells
 How can cancer spread? A cell can break off from the tumor site and travel in
the bloodstream to a new site
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Name:_______________________________
Date:_________________ Period:_____
 I am able to describe at least 3 cancer treatments:
 Chemotherapy – the use of drugs to kill cancerous cells
 Surgery – removal of a tumor
 Radiation – the use of high energy electron beams to kill cancerous cells
Topic # 8 – Meiosis
 I am able to describe the main goal of meiosis:
 What is the main goal of meiosis? To produce 4 sex cells each with ½ the number
of chromosomes as the original cell
 How many chromosomes are in the sex cells of a human egg or sperm? 23
 Why is the process of meiosis important to organisms? When a sperm and an egg
unite there are the original number of chromosomes for the organsim
 I am able to state the main events of meiosis I and meiosis II:
 Meiosis I – chromosome pairs separate
 Meiosis II – duplicated chromosomes separate
 I am able to identify the different stages of meiosis:
 Look at your Meiosis Cut n’ Paste Activity. Are you able to correctly identify each stage?
 Circle one: Yes or No
 If you can not find your notes make sure to copy one from a friend.
 Can you correctly identify which phase of meiosis each picture shows? Write the name of
the phase underneath.
1.
2.
Anaphase I
Metaphase II
3.
Anaphase II
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