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Transcript
Cells & Their Structure and Function Cell Essential • How does the structure of a cell impact its function for the living organism? Question. Discovery of cells How were they discovered? Using a compound microscope Who discovered them? Robert Hook What was he looking at? cork Why were they called cells? Because they were big rectangles that reminded him of the monks housing that was referred to as a cell Cell Theory: 1. Matthais Schleiden-(1838) concluded that all plants are made of cells 2. Theodor Schwann-(1839) concluded that all animals are composed of cells 3. Rudolph Virchow-(1855) determined that cells come only from other cells Three Main Ideas of Cell Theory 1.All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2.Cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells Cell Basics: 1. Structure must compliment the function. 2. Cells varies widely because they are capable of doing many things. 3. Size plays a role in its function. 4. A cell’s size is limited by its surface area to volume ratio. 2 major types of cells 1. Prokaryote- lacks a nucleus and most internal structures found in eukaryotic cells. Only contain DNA and/or RNA and ribosomes along with cell wall, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. They are both much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Pro means no. Bacteria is the only Prokaryote 2. Eukaryote-Has a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and has other internal organelles surrounded by membranes. Protist, fungi, animal, and plant Are just like you, Starts with an E- they’re evolved 2 Major Types of Eukaryotes: a. Animal-Tend to be round, smaller than plant cells b. Plant-Larger in size, squarish/rectangular in shape Organelles: specialized subunit within a cell that have a specific function or job Organelle Function Control center Nucleus Cell Wall Support and protect cells Structure Cell Types Big round circle in Prokaryotes the center of the cell Plants Animals Tough fairly rigid layer that surrounds some type of cells Regulates what’s goes in and out of a cell Is a phospholipid bio layer. Separates interior of cell from exterior Energy power house Pill shaped with a Mitochondria The folds create more folded membrane energy because it has inside more surface area Cell storage unit Plants -singular Vacuoles Food/water/waste rectangular and large Animals -many small ones Converts sunlight Oval with small Chloroplasts into food sugar round disks in it Plasma Membrane Protein builders Ribosomes Small dots throughout the cell Prokaryotes Plants Animals Prokaryotes Plants Animals Prokaryotes Plants Animals Prokaryotes Plants Animals Prokaryotes Plants Animals Prokaryotes Plants Animals Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells Question Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Does it have a nucleus? no yes Does it have membrane bound organelles? What kind of organisms is it found in? no yes Examples E.coli Which cell evolved first? This one Animals/plants/fungi/protists bacteria Red blood cells Cell Membrane: AKA—plasma membrane. It helps maintain hemostasis Homeostasis-regulation of internal environment Plasma membrane acts as a selectively permeable membrane; which means: things are only chosen to go through, things don’t just go through by themselves Cell diversity: 1.size 2.shape 3.internal organization Why do cells differ in size, shape and organization? To preform different functions. Shaped to make it move/or even stay put. Plant cells are different from animal cells in many ways. A plant cell is much larger than an animal cell because it needs to produce its own food. Because a plant cell produces its own food it has chloroplasts something an animal cell wouldn’t need. Animal cells are round and plant cells are boxy. An animal cell has no cell walls while a plant cell does. That is why plants don’t move. A eukaryotic cell has membrane bound organelles while prokaryotic cells have no membrane and their organelles are not membrane bound.