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What I need to know about Protein Synthesis Compare the structure and function of DNA and RNA. 1. Fill in the table below. DNA Nitrogen bases Present Location in the cell Size (# of strands) RNA Function 2. Write the complimentary strand for the DNA shown below. (Remember your base pairing rules in DNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs with _____. ) DNA C T T G C A A T T T G C DNA 3. A gene is ________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____________. 4. Write the mRNA strand for the following DNA strand. (Remember the base pair rules in RNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs DNA Sequence: ATC – CCG – GAT mRNA Sequence: _____________________ with ______) Explain how information is transferred from DNA and RNA by explaining transcription and translation. 5. What is transcription and where in the cell does it occur? ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What two molecules are involved in transcription? ____________________ and ____________________ 7. What is translation and where in the cell does it occur? _____________________________________________________ ___________________________ 8. What molecules are involved in translation? mRNA, _______________ ______________ ____________ ___________________________ 9. Fill in the table below. Type of RNA Role in Protein Synthesis mRNA rRNA tRNA 10. How many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA? _______ 11. What base is found on RNA but not on DNA? ____________ 12. How many bases are in a codon? ________ 13. How many bases are in an anticodon? _________ 14. How many amino acids are attached to a single tRNA? ______ 15. Three nucleotide bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid is a(an) codon/anticodon. Circle one 16. Three nucleotide bases on tRNA that complement the three bases on mRNA is a(an) codon/anitcodon. Circle one 17. The table above is used to identify amino acids. Which molecule is used to do so? a. DNA b. tRNA c. mRNA d. rRNA 18. Use the Codons in mRNA table to find out the amino acid or mRNA codon: AUG = ________________ GUA = ________________ GGG = __________________ UCA = ________________ 19. Complete the process of protein synthesis: DNA: TAC-CGA-TTT-GTG-CAA-GAG-AAG-TCA-CGG-AAA-CGC-AAG-ACT mRNA: _____________________________________________________________________ tRNA: ______________________________________________________________________ Protein (amino acids): ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Protein synthesis is the process of making _________ A gene is the instructions to make a _____________ The protein is the expressed __________ of the organism. 21. Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell? _________________ 22. The process of protein synthesis begins with one ____________ on found in the DNA. The gene is transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA, tRNA and, rRNA work together to build a __________________ made out of amino acids. This protein performs a specific function and expresses a ______________ 23. Label the diagram with the following terms: Ribosome, DNA, Nitrogen bases, tRNA, mRNA, amino acid, protein Describe the effect of mutations on the process of protein synthesis. 24. A mutation is a _______________ in DNA that results in an altered _____________ performing different functions in the cell. 25. What causes mutations? _____________, ______________ and _________________ 26. Circle the mutation in the table below and describe how it changes the protein made. Normal DNA: CCC – GAG – AAC Abnormal (mutated DNA): CAA – GAG - AAC When the abnormal protein is made the amino acid ____________________ replaces _______________________ from the normal DNA. Use the following scenario to answer the questions. A scientist wanted to determine if tobacco products cause a mutation for cancer. The scientist used mouse lung cells and exposed them to carbon tetrachloride (toxin in tobacco products) and then counted the number of mutations found in the cell. 27. Identify the problem (?) the scientist is investigating. ______________________________________________________________________________ 28. What is the independent variable? ____________________________________________ 29. What is the dependent variable? ______________________________________________ 30. What would be a good control group for this experiment? _______________________________ 31. Name some constants this scientist should use. ______________________________________