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Name: ______________________________
SCIENCE – THE CELL
CT- 1
April 17, 2008
Section #/color: ___ / ___________
SCIENCE – THE CELL
Where, What, Why,/When, and How Does “Stuff” Get Into/Out of Cells?
Cell Transport – Notes, Team Work, and Practice
INTRODUCTION TO CELL TRANSPORT…
We are about to embark on step one of our three part learning journey about the cell…this journey will
help us understand “cell transport” (i.e. the process by which “stuff”/materials get into/out of the cell). To
get this journey started, let’s do the following steps.
a) With you a table partners read over the vocabulary words and questions below.
b) Write the number of the question that best goes with each vocabulary word in the space next
to each vocabulary word.
c) Be ready to share your answers with the class. Elect one team member to share your team’s
ideas with the class.
____Cell Membrane/Wall
____Potential/Kinetic Energy
____Respiration & Excretion
____Molecules
____Metabolism
____Concentration Gradient
____Raw Materials
____Wastes
____Ingestion & Digestion
____Export & Import
____Active & Passive Transport
____Diffusion
____ Antiport, Uniport,
& Symport
____Plasmolysis
& Cytolysis
____Hypertonic, Hypotonic,
& Isotonic
____Solute/Solvent
____Cell Membrane Pumps
____ Osmosis
____Permeable & Selectively Permeable
____Endocytosis &Exocytosis
1) WHERE do you think materials get into/out of cells? What part of the cell is “in charge” of cell
transport?
2) WHAT materials do you think need to get into/out of cells?
3) WHY do you think materials need to get into/out of cells?
4) HOW do you think materials get into/out of cells? Do you know any of the scientific names for the
processes that describe HOW materials get in/out of cells?
5) WHEN do you think materials go into/out of cells? Can you name some specific examples of when cells
or organisms may need to get materials into/out of cells?
Now that we’ve had a little experience with the major vocabulary of CELL TRANSPORT, let’s see what
the detailed answers to the question “WHERE, WHAT, WHEN, WHY, and HOW ‘stuff’ gets into and out
of cells?” are!
PLEASE NOTE:
Cell transport is NOT the moving of cells from place to place, but HOW “stuff” gets in and out of cells.
WHERE do materials get into/out of cells? What part of the cell is “in charge” of
 Materials get in/out of the cell at the cell _________________ (and __________ in plants!).
 The CELL MEMBRANE consists of ______________ and _______________. It is a ____________
(think two pieces of bread with your favorite filling in between). It is important to know that the
_________________ sometimes help to transport materials.
 The CELL MEMBRANE is __________________ ____________________ (i.e. it is only able to let CERTAIN
 Materials that come in are ________________.
 Materials that are sent out are ________________.
WHAT materials need to get into/out of cells? WHY do materials need to get int
IN GENERAL…
 _______________________ (bonded atoms), atoms, and ____________ (charged atoms) are transported into/ou
 Cell transport needs to happen because cells need to _____________certain materials to perform the life
processes within its cytoplasm and need to ______________ materials created by the life process
into the extra-cellular space.
 The life process that most depends upon cell transport is _______________________…cells need to get
rid of ________________, export important _________________, and import _____ ______________
when they (or the organism that they are a part of) ingest, digest, respire, and excrete.
 ___________________ is the amount of substance in a given area.
 __________________ ________________ – the difference in the concentration or amount of molecules
on either side of the cell membrane.
 Molecules are transported with AND without the aid of _________________.
 Energy _____ ______ needed when the molecules move from the side of the membrane where there is
an area of ___________ concentration to the side where there is a ____________ concentration of that
molecule (i.e. ________________the gradient…think about riding your bike DOWN a hill).
 Energy _____ needed when the molecules move from the side of the membrane where there is
an area of ___________ concentration to the side where there is a ____________ concentration of that
molecule (i.e. ________________the gradient…think about riding your bike UP a hill).
 Potential energy is the amount of _______________ energy in an object.
 Molecules that are in moving from a region of high to low concentration are said to be moving from a
region of _____________ potential energy to a region of ___________ potential energy.
See DIAGRAM ON NEXT PAGE for how ENERGY and the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
“THE HILL”
of the
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
TOP of the hill
 HIGH CONCENTRATION
 High Potential Energy
 Low Kinetic Energy
BOTTOM of the hill
 LOW CONCENTRATION
 LOW Potential Energy
 HIGH Kinetic Energy
FOR OUTGOING MOLECULES…
 This is called _________________.
 _____________ (the by-products of cell metabolism) and molecules created by other cellular activities are transp
 In metabolism, the steps of _______________ and ___________________ result in export of molecules.
FOR INCOMING MOLECULES…
 This is called ___________________.
 ______ _______________ (the needs or reactants of cell metabolism) and molecules needed by other cellular act
 In metabolism, the steps of ______________ and ______________ result in import of molecules.
HOW do materials get into/out of cells?
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Passive Transport Type I
DIFFUSION
No energy needed.
Molecules move
down/with the
concentration gradient.
Molecules move from
HIGH to LOW
concentrations. There are
two types of passive
transport.
 The movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient without the use of
concentration of molecules to a LOWER concentration of molecules).
 Wastes and raw materials are transported with diffusion.
 Molecules just diffuse through channel proteins (pores) in the cell membrane (see ce
 Inside and outside the cell, molecules are dissolved in water. This is called a SOLU
 The dissolved molecule is called the SOLUTE.
 The water is called the SOLVENT.
Passive Transport Type II
OSMOSIS
 A special type of diffusion.
 The movement of WATER molecules only DOWN the concentration gradient with
HIGHER concentration of water molecules to a LOWER concentration of water m
 Water molecules just diffuse through channel proteins (pores) in the cell membrane
 When there is more solute (i.e. more dissolved molecules, less water) in a solution it is
 When there is less solute (i.e. less dissolved molecules, more water) in a solution it i
– 2 – O…and there is an “o” in hypotonic!
 If there is equilibrium between the amount of solute and solvent on either side of a
amount of solute and solvent on either side of the membrane), the solution and the cyto
ISOTONIC.
 If a cell gets more water that it can hold in it, it may explode – this is called CYTO
 If a cell does not have enough water in it, it shrinks – this is called PLASMOLYSIS
HOW do materials get into/out of cells?
Active Transport Type I
CELL MEMBRANE PUMPS – carrier proteins help to “pump” materials
Energy is needed – comes
across the cell membrane and up or against the natural concentration
in the form of ATP!
gradient (see cell membrane picture). There are three kinds of cell
Molecules move against/up membrane pump transport.
the concentration
gradient. Molecules move Uniport
from LOW to HIGH
concentrations. There are
two types of active
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1. ANTIPO
Two molecu
energy, are
another acro
2. SYMPOR
Two molecu
energy, are
transport.
the cell mem
3. UNIPOR
One molecu
energy, is tr
1. ENDOCY
Active Transport Type II
VESICLE or VACUOLE ASSISTED – vesicles or vacuoles either pinch off The pinchin
into the cell from the cell membrane (to import materials) OR fuse with materials in
the cell membrane (to export materials). There are two types of
vesicle/vacuole assisted transport.
Exocytosis
(outside cell)
2. EXOCYT
The fusing o
to export m
vesicle’s/vac
membrane.
Endocytosis
(inside cell)
TEAM POSTER CHALLENGE
Directions: Perform the following steps with your cell transport team.
1. Get a piece of poster paper and drawing utensils.
2. Select roles:
 READER/WRITER (reads the notes and writes the information on
the poster)
 TIMER/DRAWER (makes sure no one is wasting time and draws the
diagram for the group on the poster)
 PRESENTER/MOTIVATOR/CHECKER (makes sure everyone is
motivated, working equally, and presents poster to class)
3. Re-read and study the notes that coincide with your assigned transport
process (the team name you have been given!).
4. Design a colorful, comprehensive poster that will help the rest of the class
understand your assigned transport process. Include the following in your
poster:
 The title of your transport process.
 Whether or not your transport process …
- is UP or DOWN the gradient.
- goes from LOW to HIGH or HIGH to LOW concentration.
- DOES or DOES NOT require energy.
 What types of molecules are transported in your process.
 Where in the cell membrane/with what your process happens
(through proteins, vesicles/vacuoles, etc.)
 A labeled illustration of your transport process (include cytoplasm,
cell membrane, extra-cellular space, molecule names, and any other
pertinent terms).
5. Have your presenter practice presenting your poster. Help them be ready
for presenting your poster and re-teaching the class about your assigned
transport process.
PRACTICE.
PART I. Directions: Use your notes and your experience with your team to place the correct process name
or term in the following blanks. Use the word bank to help you. Not ALL of the words are used!
Selectively Permeable
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Endocytosis
Diffusion
Osmosis
Hypertonic
Exocytosis
Hypotonic
Uniport
Symport
Cell Membrane Pumps
Lipids
ATP
Carbohydrates
Vesicle/Vacuole Assisted
Ingestion
Respiration
Excretion
Digestion
Energy
Proteins
1. Water being transported into a cell without the use of energy would be the going through the process of
__________________.
2. The cell membrane lets only certain substances in and out; it is said to be _________________________.
3. If a sodium ion (Na+) is being transported across the cell membrane into an area of higher
concentration, the SPECIFIC transport process being used is _____________________.
4. When a cell is exporting wastes, it is performing the steps of metabolism called __________________
and _______________.
5. The surrounding solution of a cell is said to be _______________ if it has more dissolved solute than the
cytoplasm of the cell does.
6. The cell membrane consists of two layers of ________________ as well as _____________ that help to
transport materials.
7. Carbon dioxide is leaving the cell. Oxygen is entering the cell. Both molecules are moving down the
concentration gradient. The molecules are being transported by the process called _______________.
8. An amoeba is very hungry and it wants to eat another yet much smaller protist in the water outside of
its membrane. The protist it wants to eat is not small enough to fit through the protein pores of its cell
membrane. To be able to bring the protist into its cytoplasm, the amoeba will use ________________,
which is a form of the active transport called __________________________ transport.
9. A cell needs more potassium and iron inside of it even though there is already a higher concentration of
these molecules within its cytoplasm than in the extra-cellular space. To bring both of these molecules
into the cytoplasm the SPECIFIC type of cell transport the cell will use is ________________________.
10. For a cell to be able to successfully transport certain molecules from the cytoplasm where there is lower
concentration of those molecules than in the extra-cellular space where a higher concentration of those
molecules, it will require __________________ in the form of ________.
PART II. Directions: Place the letter of the definition in column B in the blank next to the corresponding
term in column A. Use your notes and your experience with your team to help you.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
____ 1. Active Transport
____ 5. Cell Membrane Pumps
____ 2. Passive Transport
____ 6. Antiport
____ 3. Diffusion
____ 4. Osmosis
____ 7. Symport
____ 8. Uniport
____ 9. Vesicle/Vacuole Assisted
Transport
d. A SPECIFIC type of active transport in which two
molecules move in the same direction from an area of
lower to an area of higher concentration.
____ 10. Endocytosis
e. The difference in the amount of a substance on either
side of the cell membrane.
____ 11. Exocytosis
f. The movement of water across the cell membrane w/o
the use of energy.
____ 12. Concentration Gradient
g. The GENERAL type of transport that does not
require energy.
____ 13. Raw Materials
h. A GENERAL type of active transport in which
proteins in the cell membrane help to transport
molecules.
____ 14. Wastes
____ 15. Solute
i. A SPECIFIC type of active transport in which two
molecules move across the cell membrane in opposite
directions against the concentration gradient.
____ 16. Solvent
j. The forming of a vacuole to import a large molecule
into the cell.
k. The materials usually imported into the cell.
a. A GENERAL type of active
transport in which large
molecules are transported across
the cell membrane by way of
vacuoles or vesicles.
b. The materials usually exported
from a cell.
c. The fusing of a vacuole with the
cell membrane and the release
of its contents into the extracellular space.
l. The GENERAL type of transport that does require
energy.
m. The substance in a solution that does the dissolving.
n. A SPECIFIC type of active transport in which a cell
membrane protein moves one type of molecule from an
area of lower to an area of higher concentration.
o. The substance in a solution that gets dissolved.
p. The SPECIFIC type of passive transport in which any
molecule is moved across the cell membrane from a
higher to a lower concentration.
PART III. Directions: Write the transport process name that is being shown by each diagram. Use the
word bank as well as your notes and your experience with your team to help you.
Diffusion
Antiport
Osmosis
Uniport
Endocytosis
Symport
Exocytosis
H20
Cell membrane
Molecule
Molecule
H 20
Integral Protein
Integral
Protein
1
H 20
Cell membrane
2. ________________________
Integral
Protein
H20
H 20
Cell Membrane
1. ______________________
H20
2
3
3. _________________________
Cell membrane
Molecule
Cell
Membrane
4. _____________
Cell
membrane
5._________________
Cell
6. ___________________
7. ________________
Journal #15
Cell Transport – When it happens…and…when it goes TOO far!
April 2008
Use your notes for “Where, Why, What, and How ‘Stuff’ Gets Into/Out of Cells” as well as some book and
web site research to perform the tasks below. You must successfully do at LEAST #1 or #2! Try both if
you feel like it! USE YOUR OWN WORDS and CITE YOUR SOURCE(s)!
EITHER
1) When do materials go into/out of cells?
To answer this question, find one SPECIFIC case where a SPECIFIC material may enter or leave the
cell of an organism (multi or uni).
Describe…
 WHAT cell and/or organism the material is being moved into/out of.
 WHAT material is being transported.
 WHY the material is being moved (i.e. the reason it is being transported).
 WHICH direction the material is going along the concentration gradient (i.e. up or down).
 WHETHER OR NOT energy is being used to move the material (i.e. passive or active transport).
 WHAT specific type of transport is occurring.
Include a picture or drawing that shows the direction the material is moving. Label the material and be
sure to show the difference in concentration on each side of the cell membrane.
OR
2) What do plant and/or animal cells do to prevent CYTOLYSIS from happening?
In some cases, cells exist in a solution or environment that is hypotonic (i.e. there is less solute or
dissolved material and more water outside than inside the cell). Sometimes a balance between the
inside and outside of the cell cannot be reached and water is constantly trying to get INTO the cell.
If more water than the cell is able to hold gets into the cell, the cell will go through
CYTOLYSIS (i.e. it will explode!).
Plant, animal, and many protist cells have special ways of dealing with this situation and preventing
CYTOLYSIS from happening.
Find out HOW plant, animal, and/or protist cells deal with this “osmotic difficulty.” WHAT do they
do to prevent themselves from exploding?
REMEMBER, you CAN do BOTH!
Here’s a good website to help you START your research:
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html#Cells%20and%20
Diffusion